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Magniez, Kevin
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Assessing temporal and physical stability of functional groups introduced by surface plasma treatments across the outer shells of carbon nanotubes
Abstract
Plasma treatments are nowadays recognized as clean and effective methods to functionalize and tune the surface chemistry and roughness of materials. The purpose of this study is to assess the long term stability of surface functional groups introduced on the surface of graphene based materials for a series of oxidative, reductive and neutral plasma gas treatment conditions. Plasma treatments were performed across the surface of carbon nanotubes, assembled as non-woven called bucky-papers, with oxidative and neutral feed gases in order to evaluate the surface coverage density and the temporal stability of carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. Both a plasma duration based exposure and a time decay experiment, where the surface energy of the materials was evaluated periodically over a one-month period, were carried out. The nature of the morphological changes generated across the graphitic plans of the outer shells of the carbon nanotubes by the plasma treatment were assessed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and little damage were shown to occur in these smooth plasma treatment conditions. On the other hand, the time dependence of the work function of the material suggested that the density of polar groups decreased non-linearly over time after plasma treatment prior to plateauing on average after 7 days post treatment. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the time decay related to the work function could be accounted to surface physical changes since Ig/Id ratio was found to be stable over time. The efficiency of the plasma technique towards the functionalization and the related stability of carbon nanotube surface chemistry are discussed in depth. Furthermore, the impact of the different functional groups densities were also assessed for specific seeding of nano-scale crystals, known as metal organic frameworks, with high catalytic activities and potential in waste remediation.