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- 2023Projecting the digital lunar landscape for space exploration.
- 2022Thermophysical property evolution during molten regolith electrolysiscitations
- 2013Measuring the permittivity and thickness of layered earth using a UWB antenna
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document
Measuring the permittivity and thickness of layered earth using a UWB antenna
Abstract
Several commercial radar systems now exist for subsurface investigation using UWB microwave frequencies. The standard way of presenting the radar data to the user is in the form of an A-scan, which displays the received signal energy as a function of time.No direct information regarding the nature of the intrinsic electrical parameters is immediately apparent in the A-scan.The user is thus left to interpret which particular signal components correspond to internal reflections within the radar, the air-ground interface, and from subsurface objects and layers and other clutter elements.This paper proposes the use of a UWB antenna connected to a VNA and placed in the near-field of a portion of layered earth. The aim is to combine electromagnetic simulation, with an appropriate calibration method and with inverse problem techniques to develop a method capable of measuring the permittivity and thicknesses of earth layers in the near-field of the antenna. Existing work that approaches this problem includes [1,2] amongst others. The approach taken in this paper is to first provide a software model of the antenna under question. Both a simple linear system model [1] and a complex and more accurate Method of Moments model are considered [2]. A calibration procedure is performed where the antenna is placed above a metal ground and the reflection coefficient measured.The calibrated software model is also run as the forward part of an iterative inverse problem with numerous prospective layer thicknesses and permittivity values trialled until one is found that minimises the root mean square error between the reflection coefficient provided by the calibrated software model and the practical measurements.[1] S. Lambot, E. Slob, I. van den Bosch, B. Stockbroeckx, and M. Van-clooster, "Modeling of ground-penetrating radar for accurate characterization of subsurface electric properties," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 2555-2568, Nov. 2004.[2] G. Hislop, S. Lambot, C. Craeye, D. Gonzalez-Ovejero, and R. Sarkis, "Antenna calibration for near-field problems with the method of moments," in Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on, Apr. 2011, pp.2004-2008.