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Clark, Ronald N.
National Nuclear Laboratory
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (6/6 displayed)
- 2021Intergranular and Pitting Corrosion in Sensitized and Unsensitized 20Cr-25Ni-Nb Austenitic Stainless Steelcitations
- 2021Intergranular and Pitting Corrosion in Sensitized and Unsensitized 20Cr-25Ni-Nb Austenitic Stainless Steel
- 2021A Study into the Localized Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy Magnox Al-80citations
- 2020The role of niobium carbides in the localised corrosion initiation of 20Cr-25Ni-Nb advanced gas-cooled reactor fuel claddingcitations
- 2020The effect of sodium hydroxide on niobium carbide precipitates in thermally sensitised 20Cr-25Ni-Nb austenitic stainless steelcitations
- 2016Formation and Disruption of W-Phase in High-Entropy Alloyscitations
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article
Intergranular and Pitting Corrosion in Sensitized and Unsensitized 20Cr-25Ni-Nb Austenitic Stainless Steel
Abstract
Advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) oxide fuels used in the UK are clad in bespoke grade 20%Cr-25%Ni-Nb austenitic stainless steel. Electrochemistry was first applied to correlate the breakdown potential with chloride ion concentration, temperature and pH for this alloy. At near-neutral pH the unsensitized material exhibited a linear Eb = A + B log10[Cl-] relationship, where A = 0.7 V (vs. SCE), and B =0.098 V/decade. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy revealed grain boundary regions in the heat-treated material up to 65 mV less noble to the matrix, whereas un-dissolved niobium carbide (NbC) precipitates were up to 55 mV more noble to the matrix. In-situ time-lapse microscopy and post-corrosion observations confirmed that sensitized grain boundaries were susceptible to pitting corrosion, further developing along intergranular corrosion pathways. It has however been shown that micro galvanic coupling between the Nb precipitates and matrix and / or sensitized grain boundary regions is not a factor in corrosion initiation as all experiments were performed under external potential control. Post corrosion observations showed the presence of pits at NbC precipitates promoting grain boundary corrosion. It is postulated that corrosion initiates at NbC precipitates as a pit, and when in close vicinity to Cr-depleted grain boundaries, then propagates along grain boundaries as intergranular corrosion.