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Sabine, Bertho
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document
Thermal Annealing of P3HT: PCBM Organic Photovoltaic Blends
Abstract
Post production annealing is an essential step for raising power conversion efficiency of bulk heterojunction solar cells [1]. Since defining appropriate annealing temperatures and times is vitally important, the isothermal crystallization of poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 - butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend is investigated by Rapid Heat-Cool Calorimetry (RHC), Fast Scanning Differential Chip Calorimetry (FSDCC), and AC Differential Chip Calorimetry (ACDCC).<br/> <br/>RHC is a fast-scanning DSC technique developed by TA Instruments [2], having a 10 times smaller furnace heated by Infrared light and a sample size of about 50 to 500 µg. The RHC permits to heat at rates of up to 2000 K/min and cool at 750 K/min and 500 K/min down to 60 °C and 0 °C.<br/> <br/>FSDCC allows temperature control of the sample and determination of its heat capacity by employing cooling and heating rates from 50 to 1 MK/s[3].Since it is also possible to control the cooling rate, studying the kinetics of extremely fast crystallization and reorganization processes in thin films of semi-crystalline polymers on heating becomes possible.<br/> <br/>ACDCC is used to study the step in heat capacity at the glass transition in nanometer size thin films with samples masses below 1 ng in a broad temperature range [4]. The AC-chip calorimeter allows for the frequency dependent measurement of complex heat capacity in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 kHz with a scan rate from 1 K/min to 5 K/min. This method is very suitable for the solar cell blends since the film thickness can be determined and applied as it is in the production line of photovoltaic devices. <br/> <br/>The rate of crystallization during thermal annealing can be linked to the long-term stability of the blend morphology.