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Bolis, R.
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document
Direct structural investigation of shock compressed silicates from x-ray diffraction
Abstract
High pressure silicates phase transition and dissociation reactions are necessary in the interpretation of the seismic profile of the Earth's mantle. On the other hand, knowledge of the physical properties of the silicate melts is essential to understand differentiation at early stage of the planet, the magma ocean dynamics, lunar formation and also mantle melting. Studying liquid properties with usual static techniques, though, is limited due to difficulties to confine melts in the diamond cell. Experimental data on silicate liquids are therefore still very limited and measurements of their structure are nonexistent beyond few tens of GPa. Silicate glasses have long been studied as experimentally accessible analogs, but this correspondence has never been validated. Here we present the first in situ structural measurements of shock compressed MgSiO3 glass and Mg2SiO4 crystalline forsterite samples using x-ray diffraction. The experiment was performed at the Matter at Extreme Conditions (MEC) endstation of the Linac Coherent Light Source of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. At MEC, combining high energy optical lasers and bright x-ray beams from electron lasers allows for x-ray diffraction to directly access the structure of high pressure-temperature shock compressed samples. We will show the data obtained on the behaviour of silicates between few GPa and above 100 GPa. In this range of pressures, the MgSiO3 glass Hugoniot crosses the solid-liquid boundary, allowing the investigation of structural changes in both compressed solid and liquid samples. This will bring new important highlights on the comparison between the two systems. In particular, we will discuss the increase in the coordination number with pressure in silicates melts. We will also present intriguing results on amorphous properties of MgSiO3 glass and Mg2SiO4 crystalline samples under shock compression....