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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Mummery, Pm
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (20/20 displayed)
- 2023Delayed surface degradation in W-Ta alloys at 400°C under high-fluence 40 eV He plasma exposurecitations
- 2021High-dose ion irradiation damage in Fe28Ni28Mn26Cr18 characterised by TEM and depth-sensing nanoindentationcitations
- 2019Analysis of dynamic fracture and fragmentation of graphite bricks by combined XFEM and cohesive zone approachcitations
- 2019Configurational Entropy in Multicomponent Alloys: Matrix Formulation from Ab Initio Based Hamiltonian and Application to the FCC Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni Systemcitations
- 20173D dynamic fracture and fragmentation of AGR Graphite brick slices using XCZM
- 2017Short-Range Order in High Entropy Alloyscitations
- 2017Dynamic fracture analysis by explicit solid dynamics and implicit crack propagationcitations
- 2017Crack healing behaviour of Cr2AlC MAX phase studied by X-ray tomographycitations
- 2017The effects of ion irradiation on the micromechanical fracture strength and hardness of a self-passivating tungsten alloycitations
- 2017Micro X-ray Computed Tomography Image-based Two-scale Homogenisation of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concretecitations
- 2016Fracture strength testing of a self-passivating tungsten alloy at the micrometre scalecitations
- 2016Investigating the effects of stress on the pore structures of nuclear grade graphitescitations
- 2016In situ observation of mechanical damage within a SiC-SiC ceramic matrix compositecitations
- 2013Observation and quantification of three-dimensional crack propagation in poly-granular graphitecitations
- 2012Gel-cast glass-ceramic tissue scaffolds of controlled architecture produced via stereolithography of mouldscitations
- 2009A finite element approach to the biomechanics of dromaeosaurid dinosaur claws
- 2008Investigating predictive capabilities of image-based modeling for woven composites in a scalable computing environment
- 2008Analysis of crack propagation in nuclear graphite using three-point bending of sandwiched specimenscitations
- 2008Nanoindentation of histological specimens using an extension of the Oliver and Pharr methodcitations
- 2005Full-field strain mapping by optical correlation of micrographs acquired during deformationcitations
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document
A finite element approach to the biomechanics of dromaeosaurid dinosaur claws
Abstract
Dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaurs possessed strongly recurved, hypertrophied and hyperextensible ungual claws on both the pes (digit II) and manus. The morphology of these unguals has been linked to the capture and dispatching of prey. The effectiveness of the enlarged pedal digit II ungual as a disemboweling implement has been challenged by recent experiments using a hydraulic reconstruction of a dromaeosaurid hind limb. However, the mechanical properties or, more importantly, the mechanical potential of these structures have not been explored. The generation of a 3D finite element (FE) stress/strain contour map of a Velociraptor manual ungual has for the first time allowed quantitative evaluation of the mechanical behavior of a dromaeosaurid terminal ungual phalanx. The role of the finite element analysis was to test the relationship of form and function, from an engineering point of view. X-ray microtomography scans have allowed the construction of an accurate 3D finite element mesh. Analogue biomaterials from an extant avian theropod, the pedal digit and claw of an eagle owl (Bubo bubo), were analysed to provide input data for the Velociraptor claw FE model. The resultant finite element model confirms that claws of dromaeosaurid dinosaurs were well-adapted for climbing as they would have been resistant to forces acting in a single (longitudinal) plane, in this case due to gravity. However, the strength of an ungual claw was limited with respect to forces acting tangential to the longaxis of the structure. The tip of the claw functioned as the puncturing and gripping element of the structure, while the expanded proximal portion transferred the load stress through the cortical and cancellous bone. Claw form and function varies widely among vertebrates however, claw sheath composition does not. The possession of a keratinous sheath also played an integral role in the distribution of load stress into the bone core of the claw. The proposed enhanced climbing abilities of dromaeosaurid dinosaurs, a function of pedal morphology, support a scansorial phase in the evolution of flight.