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Maddock, J.
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document
Chalcogenide-based phase-change metamaterials for all-optical, high-contrast switching in a fraction of a wavelength
Abstract
To realise the significant performance gains to be made from all-optical data processing, compact, rapid and high modulation contrast devices need to be produced that can rapidly change their refractive index and absorption1. Phase-change metamaterials are an amalgamation of two existing material concepts to provide new optical functionalities in a single planar device less than 100 nm thick (see figure). The phase-change layer is typically a chalcogenide glass (Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub>) that can be optically switched between two phases: crystalline and amorphous. The layer will remain in either of these states until it is switched again, providing a reversible 'memory' effect. The metamaterial layer consists of repeating unit cells of asymmetric split ring resonators milled from a thin layer of plasmonic material, such as gold. Such a layer will produce sharp resonance peaks in transmission and reflection in the near-IR, the spectral positions of which are sensitive to the local dielectric environment.