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Koskinen, Kalle
Tampere University
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document
Second-harmonic generation from Ge-Se-Sb chalcogenide films
Abstract
Chalcogenide glasses (ChG) are very promising for photonics because they have attrac- tive optical properties. The Ge-Sb-Se ChG films has been systematically studied with the aim of understanding the origin of their strong non-linear second-harmonic genera- tion (SHG) and the role for example of the multipolar contributions and the possible to quantitatively characterize the susceptibilities of bulk and surface of materials.<br/>In the most nonlinear optical materials, higher-multipole effects are negligible and the electric-dipole approximation adequately describes the process. However, for some ma- terials magnetic and electric-multipole effects can be shown to be non-negligible. Fur- thermore, the effects of different multipolar origin behave differently under different symmetry conditions. For example, the electric-dipole SHG is forbidden in the bulk of centrosymmetric materials but SHG due to electric-quadrupole effects is not. Conse- quently, understanding the behavior of multipole contributions is essential for proper analysis of certain materials and structural systems. The separation of dipole and higher- multipole effects is possible by SHG using two non-collinear fundamental beams. Very direct evidence of the higher-multipole contributions can be obtained by detecting s- polarized SGH light and modulating the polarization of one of the incident beams.<br/>The Ge-Se-Sb films were fabricated by the thermal evaporation technique. Such sam- ples were studied by two-beam SHG experiments using 70 ps pulses at 1064 nm and 1 kHz repetition rate. The transmitted s-polarized SHG signal was measured as a function of polarization of the incident fundamental beams. Our results show that the higher mul- tipole effects are present and contribute significantly to the second-harmonic response of Ge-Se-Sb films. Here, we will report a detailed analysis of the results.