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Hafok, Martin
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document
The potential for grain refinement of a super austenitic stainless steel with a cerium grain refiner
Abstract
Austenitic stainless steels typically show a tendency towards the formation of large columnar grains and shrinking porosities during solidification. Altering this primary structure to be finer normally leads to improved mechanical properties in the final product. This can be achieved by applying grain refiners to cause a columnar to equiaxed transition at an early stage of solidification, resulting in a fine grained equiaxed microstructure in the center of the ingot.<br/>The influence of a commercial grain refiner containing Fe-Cr-Si-Ce on the super austenitic stainless steel X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7 was investigated. From extensive literature research, AlCeO3 and Ce2O3 were identified as most promising particles for the heterogeneous nucleation of austenite. From the result of thermodynamic considerations the activities of O, Al and Ce were then adjusted to guarantee for stable AlCeO3 or Ce2O3 particles. In melting experiments a two stage deoxidation practice in the induction furnace prior to casting of the 20 kg ingots resulted in a precocious columnar to equiaxed transition. This paper deals with a detailed SEM/EDS investigation of the inclusions, macro- and microetching of the ingots and the quantitative analysis of the formed microstructure.