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Nguimatsia, Josiane Nguejio
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document
Corrosion behavior of 316 L stainless steel produced by wire additive manufacturing processes in water environments at 340°C
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a promising technology, as it allows minimizing the resources for building complex parts, adding functionalities and repairing components. AM techniques, such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Electron Beam Welding (EBW), Laser Direct Energy Deposition (L-DED) and Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), are being investigated for the manufacturing of components in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), such as pressure equipment, piping components and fuel assemblies. However, significant qualification work is still necessary for their use. Stainless Steels (SS) are widely used in nuclear power plants due to their good corrosion resistance in high temperature water. Nevertheless few studies have been conducted on the behavior of AM SS in nuclear environments, particularly in primary water. Wire-feed additive manufacturing is a suitable direct energy deposition method for the printing of relatively large components in which a focused energy source and feedstock material are concentrated at a focal point in the presence of inert gas. The process employs high-speed heating and cooling rates (≈103 K/s), resulting in microstructure change, and high levels of residual stresses and strains within the material. Stress relieving (SR) and solution annealing (SA) heat treatments may be required to modify the microstructure by recrystallization, which minimize the anisotropy. Nowadays, the corrosion behavior of wire-feed additive manufactured materials, especially in PWR primary water, is poorly studied. Therefore, this research attempts to show the impact of the different microstructures of 316L SS produced by Wire Laser Additive Manufacturing (WLAM) and Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) on the corrosion behavior in primary water. The study will focus on the evolution of intergranular corrosion, that is considered as a precursor of Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC) in conventional 316L SS in primary water.