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Bourhill, Jeremy F.
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article
Conductivity freeze-out in isotopically pure Si-28 at milli-Kelvin temperatures
Abstract
Silicon is a key semiconducting material for electrical devices and hybrid quantum systems where low temperatures and zero-spin isotopic purity can enhance quantum coherence. Electrical conductivity in Si is characterised by carrier freeze out at around 40 K allowing microwave transmission which is a key component for addressing spins efficiently in silicon quantum technologies. In this work, we report an additional sharp transition of the electrical conductivity in a Si-28 cylindrical cavity at around 1 Kelvin. This is observed by measuring microwave resonator Whispering Gallery Mode frequencies and Q factors with changing temperature and comparing these results with finite element models. We attribute this change to a transition from a relaxation mechanism-dominated to a resonant phonon-less absorption-dominated hopping conduction regime. Characterising this regime change represents a deeper understanding of a physical phenomenon in a material of high interest to the quantum technology and semiconductor device community and the impact of these results is discussed.