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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Kangas, Heli
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (9/9 displayed)
- 2022Recycling of 3D Printable Thermoplastic Cellulose-Compositecitations
- 2021Thermoplastic Cellulose-Based Compound for Additive Manufacturingcitations
- 2018New developments in High consistency enzymatic fibrillation (HefCel) technology for production of cellulose micro/nanofibrils
- 2017Risk assessment of polymer composites containing cellulose nanofibrils (CNF):Considerations of industrial production
- 2017Effect of cellulose microfibril (CMF) addition on strength properties of middle ply of boardcitations
- 2016Influence of fiber modifications on PLA/fiber composites:Behavior to accelerated weatheringcitations
- 2016Risk assessment of polymer composites containing cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)
- 2015Biodegradability, compostability and safety of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and CNF-based products
- 2013Porous wood fibre structures for tomorrow markets
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conferencepaper
Biodegradability, compostability and safety of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and CNF-based products
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials have unique properties that makethem potential for numerous applications. One of theirmost promising applications is transparent cellulosefilms with excellent strength, density and smoothness.Cellulose films could be utilized as gas barriers inpackaging, substrates for printed electronics, indiagnostics or even as electronic displays instead ofoil-based plastic films. From the safety point of view,the advantages of cellulose nanomaterials have beenargued to be their benign nature towards humans and theenvironment as well as their biodegradability. Results onthe biodegradability of different grades of cellulosenanofibrils (CNF) and their products, namely CNF filmsand papers coated with CNF are presented in this paper.In addition, results on the toxicity of cellulosenanofibrils to humans as well as ecotoxicity duringbiodegradation in the composting environment arereported. The results of biodegradability tests (OECD301B) of two different grades of CNF indicate that theirbiodegradability is dependent on the fibrillation degree,the finer grade degrading faster than the coarser grade.The biodegradability test (EN 14046) of CNF films andpapers containing CNF showed that all the CNF productstested were biodegradable according to the requirementsset in the standard (EN 13432). In the composting test(EN 14045) disintegration of CNF products was observed inthe composting environment with no acute ecotoxicityduring biodegradation. Regarding toxicity to humans, someindication of cytotoxicity was observed for nano-scalecellulose fibrils. However, all the other toxicity testsresults, including in vivo tests with Nematode, showed nosign of toxicity.