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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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Kozlowski, Andrea
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (3/3 displayed)
- 2022Leaching behaviour of cement with Substitute Clinker Materials in deionised water
- 2022Replacing pulversized fly ash in cement with natural and anthropogenic geomaterials identifying the corresponding physico-chemical properties used for the encapsulation of low-level waste
- 2021Development of sustainable substitutes for pulversized fly ash in cement and concrete
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document
Leaching behaviour of cement with Substitute Clinker Materials in deionised water
Abstract
Clinker substitutes are frequently used in the cement and concrete industries to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions associated with production, improve physico-chemical properties and performance, and reduce costs. Pulversized Fly Ash (PFA, local), a fine waste residue produced in coal-fired power stations, is the commonly used partial clinker substitute in Ordinary Portland cement (OPC, local) for cements for the immobilisation of low-level nuclear waste (LLW)<sup>1</sup>. Because of the global trend to shut-down coal-fired power stations, the production of PFA is decreasing and will eventually cease, resulting in increased PFA prices<sup>2</sup>. The UK decided to stop coal-fired power stations in 2024<sup>3</sup>. Alternative sustainable clinker substitutes can be used must meet strict performance standards for the safe enclosure of LLW for the final disposal. These include physical, chemical, and mechanical properties; performance and suitability for use.<br/><br/>This study investigates the suitability of different materials (natural and anthropogenic) as a substitute of PFA in OPC in LLW immobilisation and compares the behaviour of these supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) to those of the current standard. The focus of the study is on the cementing and physico-chemical properties of the concrete, and the interaction between groundwater, the concrete, and the stored waste.<br/><br/>Previous work characterized the microstructure of the SCMs as well as the standard, PFA+OPC (samples provided by Low-Level Waste Repository Ltd. (LLWR)), in concrete using X-ray computed tomography (XCT). Now, leaching tests identify the change of the pH of the solvent (deionised water and groundwater) and the release of ions from PFA+OPC and SCMs. The samples undergo XCT analysis before and after the treatment to link structural changes due to chemical evolution. Future work will include studying the leaching behaviour in groundwater, the long-term leaching effects and the interaction of the LLW (usage mock waste formulation) with concrete. These studies will allow us to identify changes to the concrete microstructure and physico-chemical properties arising from the PFA substitutes, and the chemical and physical interaction of the concrete, especially with groundwater. Such understanding is critical for the adoption of clinker alternatives in LLW encapsulation.