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Loughian, Christelle C. Der
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document
Fabrication of doped b-tricalcium phosphate bioceramics by robocasting for bone repair applications
Abstract
b-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP, b-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ) is one of the most attractive biomaterials for bone repair since it shows an excellent biological compatibility, osteoconductivity, and resorbability. It is already commercialized under granules or preforms for bone filling but there are still some issues for b-TCP porous scaffolds fabrication. Indeed, b-TCP cannot be used as scaffolds in large bone defects or in load-bearing areas due to its weak mechanical properties related to insufficient densification level. Indeed, the sintering temperature is limited because of the occurrence of a phase transition b to a-TCP at 1150°C with a large lattice expansion causing microcracks and reducing shrinkage during sintering. The thermal stability can be increased by the incorporation of dopants inside the b-TCP lattice. Indeed, such dopants like cations can replace the calcium inside the structure and stabilize the b phase reaching higher densities. Moreover, dopants can also improve biological properties of b-TCP as bone implant like the osteoconductivity or the antibacterial behaviour. In this work, doped b-TCP powders are synthetized by coprecipitation of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 solutions in presence of magnesium, strontium, silver and copper cations in order to prevent the phase transformation, increase the sintering temperature as well as the mechanical properties and bring an antibacterial behaviour. Rapid microwave sintering can then be successfully applied with a limited grain growth and compared with conventional sintering. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial evaluation are conducted to assess the potential of the doped b-TCP. Finally, 3D-printable suspensions are prepared from optimized doped powder to manufacture porous scaffolds by robocasting using water-based inks.