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Ellway, James
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document
Development Of A Certification Procedure For Numerical Pedestrian Models
Abstract
IntheEuroNCAPtestingofdeployablepedestrianprotectionsystems(i.e.activebonnetsandairbags),headimpacttime(HIT),wraparounddistanceandbonnetdeflectionduetobodyloadingareassessedbymeansofsimulationswithnumericalpedestrianmodels.Theaimofthisstudywastodefinerequirementsfornumericalpedestrianmodelsandsimulationsetupstoensurecomparableperformanceofmodelsandsimulationresults.These requirements were summarized in a certification procedure which focuses on the pedestrian’s kinematics that are important for the Euro NCAP assessment. Twelve different institutions (academia and industry) applied aharmonisedpedestriansimulationprotocol,whichwasestablishedwithinapreviousstudy.Numericalpedestrianmodelsinthestatureofthe50thpercentilemale(allapplicablefortheassessmentofdeployablesystemsuntil2017)wereimpactedwithfourdifferentlyshapedgenericvehiclemodelsatthreedifferentcollision speeds according to the protocol. Trajectories, contact forces and HITs were evaluated. Finally, 18 full datasetsincludingthe12loadcaseswereavailablecoveringdifferentHumanBodyModelsandHumanoidMultibodyModelsinfourdifferentFEcodes.Referencevalues,corridorsandtolerancesforthecertificationprocedurewerederived,basedonidentifiedconsistentresults.Comparablebehaviourwasobservedforthemajorityofpedestrianmodels.However,asmallnumberofsimulationsshowedclearlyoutlyingbehaviourintermsofHITs,trajectoriesandcontactforces.Theconsistentmodelswerewithinarangeof+3.5%and-7%throughoutallloadcases.Corridorsforthez-andx-trajectoriesasafunctionoftimeweredevelopedforthehead centre of gravity, T12 and the centre of acetabuli for each load case. Furthermore, corridors for the contact forcesbetweenpedestrianmodelandgenericvehiclemodelwereestablished.Thedevelopedcertificationprocedureensuresthataspecificpedestrianmodelwithinaspecificenvironment,solverversionandspecificsimulationsettingsgivescomparablekinematicresultsrelevantfortheassessmentofdeployablesystems.Inconsistentpedestrianmodels,incompatibilitieswithcontrolsettingsandusererrorscanbeidentifiedandsorted out. The procedure was implemented in the Euro NCAP Technical Bulletin 24 and has been in force since January 2018.