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Elshafie, A.
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document
Dielectric and Hardness Measurements of Martian Analog Rocks in Support of the WISDOM Radar on ExoMars
Abstract
The success of the WISDOM (Water Ice and Subsurface Deposit Observation On Mars) radar in supporting the ExoMars drill to targets of opportunities and for maintaining optimal drilling capabilities is based on the complementarily of the two experiments in assessing the shallow subsurface physical properties. The dielectric properties as inverted from WISDOM wide-band ground penetrating radar radargrams, will be used to assess the ground mechanical properties as rock hardness, density and porosity which are crucial inputs for optimizing drilling operations. The main purpose of this research is to perform dielectric permittivity and hardness measurements for Martian analog rocks as a function of the Martian surface environmental parameters in an attempt to correlate between the physical and mechanical properties (i.e. dielectric constant and rock hardness) for volcanic rocks and permafrost simulating the case of the most upper layers of the Martian regolith. The implication for optimizing ExoMars drilling and sampling activities based on this correlation between the physical and mechanical properties will be discussed. We considered eight different types of volcanic rocks, for which we measured both the permittivity at the frequency band 200 to 1500 MHz and hardness over the range R= 10 to 100 using Schmidt hammer hardness tester. Based on our experimental results, the dielectric constant and hardness values ranged from (ɛ = 1.91 to 8.09) and (R = 12.8 to 68) at the density of (ρ = 0.78 to 3 gm cm<SUP>-3</SUP>) for pumice and flood basalt respectively. Dielectric constant and rock hardness are found to increase with increasing sample density which implied a direct linear correlation between dielectric constant and rock hardness. The drill penetration rate of the previously described samples is predicted and correlated to the dielectric constant. An inverse relation between dielectric constant and drill penetration rate is concluded....