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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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Lahtinen, Panu
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Topics
Publications (13/13 displayed)
- 2022Self-assembled cellulose nanofiber-carbon nanotube nanocomposite films with anisotropic conductivitycitations
- 2022Self-assembled cellulose nanofiber-carbon nanotube nanocomposite films with anisotropic conductivitycitations
- 2022Valorization of Industrial Spruce Bark by Alkaline Extraction
- 2021Rheological behavior of high consistency enzymatically fibrillated cellulose suspensionscitations
- 2020Mesoporous Carbon Microfibers for Electroactive Materials Derived from Lignocellulose Nanofibrilscitations
- 2019Cationic starch as strengthening agent in nanofibrillated and bacterial cellulose nanopapers
- 2018New developments in High consistency enzymatic fibrillation (HefCel) technology for production of cellulose micro/nanofibrils
- 2017Sample geometry dependency on the measured tensile properties of cellulose nanopaperscitations
- 2017Effects of Surfactants on the Preparation of Nanocellulose-PLA Compositescitations
- 2016Highly porous fibre structures and biocomposites made of mixtures of wood, biopolymers and hemp
- 2014High strength modified nanofibrillated cellulose-polyvinyl alcohol filmscitations
- 2014Nanofibrillated cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol), montmorillonite clay hybrid nanocomposites with superior barrier and thermomechanical propertiescitations
- 2013Viscosity measurement:A valuable tool for routine quality control of fibril cellulose
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document
Valorization of Industrial Spruce Bark by Alkaline Extraction
Abstract
Industrial bark is an abundant side-stream from the debarking of wood logs by the forest industries. Nowadays the bark is mainly treated as energy source in the mills but other applications of bark are also being sought. Softwood bark is composed of cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, high amounts of tannins and other extractives, and inorganic compounds. Alkaline extractions of spruce bark conducted under a wide range of process conditions showed that between 20-27 % of the bark could be extracted as polyphenols, mainly tannins and some lignin, with a molar mass of about 2-3 KDa (Borrega et al., 2022). For comparison, the polyphenol yield from water extractions conducted under similar temperature and time was only about 4 % on bark. The polyphenols in the black liquor from two selected extractions, conducted at 100 ˚C with 15 % NaOH and at 160 ˚C with 24 % NaOH, were recovered by acidic precipitation and tested as surfactants. The composition of the polyphenol-rich precipitates was dependent on the extraction conditions; lower extraction temperature increased the share of carbohydrates while higher temperature increased the share of lignin. Nonetheless, despite the different composition, the polyphenol-rich precipitates were able to decrease the surface tension in aqueous solutions and showed surface activity similar to that of a commercial biosurfactant (Borrega et al., 2022). The polyphenol-rich materials could also be used to partly replace phenol in resins for wood adhesives. Moreover, the utilization of alkali extracted polyphenols as preservative component in construction wood is currently being investigated. In addition to extraction of polyphenols in high yield, alkaline extractions of bark leave a celluloserich bark residue that may be exploited in various applications. For instance, the utilization of residual spruce bark (after alkaline extraction) in saccharification trials demonstrated that up to 94% of the polysaccharide fraction could be hydrolyzed into monosugars (Borrega et al., ...