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Mavronasou, Katerina
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document
FORMULATION OF STABLE NANOMETAKAOLINE DISPERSIONS FOR USE AS ADDITIVE IN CONCRETE
Abstract
Concrete remains the most extensively used material for the construction industry due to its significant advantages in durability, availability, and workability. However, concerns have lately been raised about the high CO<sub>2</sub> footprint of Portland cement, the main component of concrete. To overcome this problem, various mineral additives have been investigated to partially replace Portland cement. Metakaolin (MK) and especially nanometakaolin (NMK) have gained much attention as pozzolanic materials, since they can enhance concrete’s early compressive strength, chemical resistance, toughness and durability. Nevertheless, the potential use of NMK powder as an additive must initially overcome challenges related to nanoparticles agglomeration, difficulty in transportation, as well as health and environmental hazards. To this end, many studies have evaluated different methodologies for the preparation of stable and “ready to use” NMK water dispersions. In the context of the Open Innovation Test Bed (OITB) of the H2020 LightCoce EC research project (www.lightcoce-oitb.eu), Creative Nano in collaboration with the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) have developed a new method that combines ultrasonication and chemical functionalization using polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizers (SPs) to produce stable NMK water dispersions. An experimental procedure based on two Taguchi orthogonal arrays (L25 and L16) with NMK particle size distribution (PSD) and zeta potential (ZP) as reference measurements provided an optimal composition of 4% NMK - 1.25% SP. The protocol presented herein resulted in a NMK particle size reduction from 649 nm (raw material) to 577 nm and a high negative ZP value of -27.2 mV. This in turn indicated the formation of a stable aqueous dispersions, enabling their incorporation addition in concrete mixtures to partially replace cement.