• Aithal, Shubhrajyotsna
• Bhat, G. K.
• Aithal, P. S.

Abstract

he third harmonic optical applications such as optical phase conjugation, image processing, optical switching, and optical limiting in Photonics requires efficient nonlinear optical materials to be used with low power laser beams. During the last three decades, organic molecules have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their high nonlinear optical susceptibility and the possibility of tailoring their properties suitable to be used to protect optical detection components and devices such as human eyes and optical sensors, by controlling the output energy on the image plane below the desired level. Extensive studies have been performed and reported for the case of single crystals of organic molecules, organic molecules in liquid solutions, and organics and organometallics doped in various solid substances. One of the major benefits of organic optical materials is that they are usually much less costly and easier to process in device form than their inorganic materials. In this paper, an extensive literature survey on nonlinear optical materials is depicted. This includes review of organic nonlinear material research, materials for reverse saturation absorption, molecules for two-photon and multi-photon absorption, experimental techniques for nonlinear refraction, nonlinear absorption, optical limiting, and optical phase conjugation. Finally, the review includes the materials used in photonic devices, materials used for optical phase conjugation like nonresonant media and resonant media including absorbing liquid and solid materials, lasing gain media, metal vapors, and photorefractive materials. ; Other ; {"references": ["1. of the First International Workshop on Optical Power Limiting, in Nonlinear Optics 21, Guest Editor Francois Kajzar, (1999). 2. Optical Liquids and Power Limiters, (1997) Proceedings of SPIE 3146, (1998) 3472 and (1999) 3798, Editor C. W. Lawson. 3.. W. Tutt and T. F. Boggess, (1993) Prog. Quant. Electr., 17, 299. 4.. W. Perry, in Nonlinear Optics of Organic Molecules and Polymers, eds. H. S. Nalwa and S. Miyata, (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1997), Chap. 13, pp.813-840. 5.. W. Van Stryland, M. J. Soileau, S. Ross and D: J. Hagan, (1999). Passive Optical Limiting: Where are we? Nonl. Optics 21, p. 38. 6.. L. Justus, A. L. Huston and A. J. Campillo, (1993).Broadband thermal optical limiter, Appl. Phys. Lett, 63, 1483. 7.. A. Miles, (1994) Bottleneck optical limiters: the optimal use of excited-state absorbers, Appl. Opt., 33, 6965. 8.. J. Miller, A. G. Mott and B. P. Ketchel, (1998), Protection of optical systems against laser radiation, Proceeding of SPIE, 3472, 24. 9.. R. Giuliano and L. D. Hess, (1967).Nonlinear absorption of light: Optical saturation of electronic transitions in organic molecules with high intensity laser radiation, IEEE J. Quant. Electron., QE-3, 358. 10.. R. Giuliano and L. D. Hess, Nonlinear Absorption of Light. Positive and Negative Saturation Effects in the Same Absorber, Appl. Phys. Lett.12, 292(1968). 11., Aleksander. \" den mechanismus der Photolumineszenz von Farbstoffphosphoren.\" Zeitschriftf Physik 94.1-2 (1935): 38-46. 12., J. J., Tao, Y. R., Fan, L., Wu, Z. Y., Wu, X. C., & Chun, Y. (2016). Visible light nonlinear absorption and optical limiting of ultrathin ZrSe3 nanoflakes. Nanotechnology, 27(46), 465203. 13., M., & Girisun, T. S. (2015). Nonlinear optical absorption and optical limiting properties of cadmium ferrite. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 160, 413-419. 14., N., Iliopoulos, K., Stylianakis, M. M., Koudoumas, E., & Couris, S. (2013). Optical limiting action of few layered graphene oxide dispersed in different solvents. Optical Materials, 36(1), 112-117. 15., S., Poornesh, P., Sudhakar, Y. N., & Kumar, M. S. (2013).(3) and optical power limiting measurements of Polyaniline and its derivative Poly (o-toluidine) under CW regime. Optics Communications, 293, 125-132. 16., A., Divya, S., Thomas, S., & Nampoori, V. P. N. (2013). Optical characterization of ZnOnanoplates embedded in polymeric matrices for optical limiting applications. Optics & Laser Technology, 52, 37-42. 17., D., & Rani, S. (2013). Optical nonlinear refractive and limiting behavior of nickel complex dye doped solid-state matrix for both visible and near infra-red nanosecond excitations. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 124(14), 1741-1745. 18. Aithal, Dr. P. S. Aithal and Gopalkrishna Bhat, (July 2015) A Review on Sustainable Organic Materials for Optical Limiting Technology. International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering (IJMIE), Volume 5, Issue 7, pp. 527-544, D(...)

Topics

• impedance spectroscopy
• polymer
• single crystal
• nickel
• phase
• laser emission spectroscopy
• layered
• Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
• susceptibility
• organometallic
• Cadmium