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Nurczyńska, Hanna
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article
Analysis of the process of pharmaceutical substances removal from aquatic solution using membranes modified with calcium carbonate
Abstract
One of the biggest problems related to water management is water pollution with pharmaceuticalsubstances. The diversity of these substances makes conventional wastewater treatment methodsineffective. For this reason, there is a need to develop new, more efficient methods. A solution thatcan improve the efficiency of removing pharmaceutical substances from water is an integrated filtration–adsorption process. For this purpose, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes were modified with calcium carbonate particles, which have adsorption properties. Themodification process was carried out by dip coating method, in which a layer-forming solutionconsisting of dissolved PVDF polymer and CaCO3particles was applied to the membrane surface.In the conducted tests, the ability to remove pharmaceutical substances from the aqueous solutionwas determined. The influence of such parameters as pH, NaCl salt concentration, FeCl2salt concentration and surface tension on the filtration–adsorption process was also examined. The filtration–adsorption process was carried out in a classic flow system used for the microfiltration process.The tested pharmaceutical substances were tetracycline and sulfadiazine. Based on the conductedtests, it was found that the process of removing the tested substances occurs intensively only atspecific pH range, 6.5–10 for tetracycline and 4.5–6.5 for sulfadiazine. Below and above this range,there is a significant decrease in the efficiency of the process. On the other hand, in the presenceof salt ions, their low concentration does not adversely affect the efficiency of the process, butabove a certain concentration, the amount of removed pharmaceutical substance decreases (from40 to 20 mg/m2for NaCl and from 80 to 5 mg/m2for FeCl2). The presence of substances reducingthe value of surface tension has a similar effect as salts.