• Mishra, Ajay
• Kumar, Devendra
• Yadav, Aseem
• Rizvi, Saliha
• Khan, Farheen
• Fatima, Jalees
• Raza, Syed Tasleem

Abstract

<jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by decreased renal function, is associated with an underlying elevated renal inflammatory state. The chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) mediates leukocyte chemoattraction in the initiation and amplification phases of renal inflammation. In this study, which involved 62 patients and 62 controls, we aim to elucidate the association between the CCR2 G190A (rs1799864) polymorphism and CKD. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique-based single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of the CCR2 gene (rs1799864) was used to assess the allele and genotype frequencies of CCR2. The Chi-square test was used to assess the potential association between G190A polymorphism and CKD, including its stages. The presence of the CCR2 G190A polymorphism was significantly associated with CKD. The results unveiled a significant difference in the genotype and allele frequency distribution of CCR2 G190A in CKD patients and control subjects. CCR2 GA genotype (P = 0.003) and A allele (P = 0.007; odds ratio [OR] = 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20 &amp;ndash; 0.80) were found to be significantly associated with CKD. A significant association was identified between genotype and stage of CKD, with the GA genotype more common among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (stage 5) and the GG genotype among non-ESRD (stages 1 &amp;ndash; 4) patients (P &lt; 0.001). The polymorphism was significantly associated with deteriorating renal function, as evidenced by elevated levels of serum urea, serum creatinine, and spot urine, alongside a decrease in serum calcium and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The study revealed that the GA genotype of CCR2 is associated with CKD, ESRD, severe albuminuria, and renal dysfunction. However, no association was observed between the CCR2 gene polymorphism and the causes of CKD in the North Indian population.</jats:p>

Topics

• impedance spectroscopy
• phase
• Calcium
• chemical ionisation