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Ernst, Daniel
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Publications (7/7 displayed)
- 2024The Optical Spectra of Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction of Iron Ore: Application and Requirementscitations
- 2024Optimizing methane plasma pyrolysis for instant hydrogen and high-quality carbon productioncitations
- 2023Impact of Iron Ore Pre-Reduction Degree on the Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction Processcitations
- 2023The Behavior of Direct Reduced Iron in the Electric Arc Furnace Hotspotcitations
- 2022Evaluation of different alloying concepts to trace non-metallic inclusions by adding rare earths on a laboratory scalecitations
- 2022A New Methodological Approach on the Characterization of Optimal Charging Rates at the Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction Process Part 2citations
- 2018Wire Bonding of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Sensors for High Temperature Applicationscitations
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article
The Behavior of Direct Reduced Iron in the Electric Arc Furnace Hotspot
Abstract
Hydrogen-based direct reduction is a promising technology for CO2 lean steelmaking. The electric arc furnace is the most relevant aggregate for processing direct reduced iron (DRI). As DRI is usually added into the arc, the behavior in this area is of great interest. A laboratory-scale hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) reactor was used to analyze that under inert conditions. Four cases were compared: carbon-free and carbon-containing DRI from DR-grade pellets as well as fines from a fluidized bed reactor were melted batch-wise. A slag layer’s influence was investigated using DRI from the BF-grade pellets and the continuous addition of slag-forming oxides. While carbon-free materials show a porous structure with gangue entrapments, the carburized DRI forms a dense regulus with the oxides collected on top. The test with slag-forming oxides demonstrates the mixing effect of the arc’s electromagnetic forces. The cross-section shows a steel melt framed by a slag layer. These experiments match the past work in that carburized DRI is preferable, and material feed to the hotspot is critical for the EAF operation.