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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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Utriainen, Mikko
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Topics
Publications (11/11 displayed)
- 2021Evaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Compositioncitations
- 2020Conformality of TMA/H2O and TMA/O3 processes evaluated using lateral high aspect ratio structures
- 2019Depth spectroscopy analysis of La-doped HfO2 ALD thin films in 3D structures by HAXPES and ToF-SIMS
- 2019Depth spectroscopy analysis of La-doped HfO2 ALD thin films in 3D structures by HAXPES and ToF-SIMS
- 2019Advanced Lateral High Aspect Ratio Test Structures for Conformality Characterization by Optical Microscopy
- 2019ToF-SIMS 3d analysis of thin films deposited in high aspect ratio structures via atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor depositioncitations
- 2018Conformality Measurement Needs and Challenges
- 2018PillarHall LHAR structure for Thin Film Conformality Measurements
- 2018Monitoring Conformality in ALD Manufacturing
- 2018PillarHall - Lateral High Aspect Ratio Test Chips
- 2010Atomic layer deposition of tin dioxide sensing film in microhotplate gas sensorscitations
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article
Evaluation of MEMS NIR Spectrometers for On-Farm Analysis of Raw Milk Composition
Abstract
Today, measurement of raw milk quality and composition relies on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to monitor and improve dairy production and cow health. However, these laboratory analyzers are bulky, expensive and can only be used by experts. Moreover, the sample logistics and data transfer delay the information on product quality, and the measures taken to optimize the care and feeding of the cattle render them less suitable for real-time monitoring. An on-farm spectrometer with compact size and affordable cost could bring a solution for this discrepancy. This paper evaluates the performance of microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers as on-farm milk analyzers. These spectrometers use Fabry–Pérot interferometers for wavelength tuning, giving them the advantage of very compact size and affordable price. This study discusses the ability of MEMS spectrometers to reach the accuracy limits set by the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) for at-line analyzers of the milk content regarding fat, protein and lactose. According to the achieved results, the transmission measurements with the NIRONE 2.5 spectrometer perform best, with an acceptable root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP = 0.21% w/w) for the measurement of milk fat and excellent performance (RMSEP ≤ 0.11% w/w) for protein and lactose. In addition, the transmission measurements using the NIRONE 2.0 module give similar results for fat and lactose (RMSEP of 0.21 and 0.10% w/w respectively), while the prediction of protein is slightly deteriorated (RMSEP = 0.15% w/w). These results show that the MEMS spectrometers can reach sufficient prediction accuracy compared to ICAR standard values for at-line and in-line fat, protein and lactose prediction.