| People | Locations | Statistics |
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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Niemeyer, Christof M.
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (10/10 displayed)
- 2024Engineering Phi29‐DNAP Variants for Customized DNA Hydrogel Materials
- 2024Quantitative Characterization of RCA‐based DNA Hydrogels – Towards Rational Designcitations
- 2024Solvent‐Independent 3D Printing of Organogelscitations
- 2024Micromechanical Indentation Platform for Rapid Analysis of Viscoelastic Biomolecular Hydrogelscitations
- 2023Accurate quantification of DNA content in DNA hydrogels prepared by rolling circle amplificationcitations
- 2022Systematic evaluation of agarose- and agar-based bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting of enzymatically active hydrogelscitations
- 2021Formulation of DNA Nanocomposites: Towards Functional Materials for Protein Expressioncitations
- 2020Postsynthetic Functionalization of DNA‐Nanocomposites with Proteins Yields Bioinstructive Matrices for Cell Culture Applicationscitations
- 2019Bottom‐Up Assembly of DNA–Silica Nanocomposites into Micrometer‐Sized Hollow Spherescitations
- 2017DNA-SMARTcitations
Places of action
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article
Systematic evaluation of agarose- and agar-based bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting of enzymatically active hydrogels
Abstract
Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting enables the production of customized hydrogel structures that can be employed in flow reactors when printing with enzyme-containing inks. The present study compares inks based on either low-melt agarose or agar at different concentrations (3–6%) and loaded with the thermostable enzyme esterase 2 from the thermophilic organism Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (AaEst2) with regard to their suitability for the fabrication of such enzymatically active hydrogels. A customized printer setup including a heatable nozzle and a cooled substrate was established to allow for clean and reproducible prints. The inks and printed hydrogel samples were characterized using rheological measurements and compression tests. All inks were found to be sufficiently printable to create lattices without overhangs, but printing quality was strongly enhanced at 4.5% polymer or more. The produced hydrogels were characterized regarding mechanical strength and diffusibility. For both properties, a strong correlation with polymer concentration was observed with highly concentrated hydrogels being more stable and less diffusible. Agar hydrogels were found to be more stable and show higher diffusion rates than comparable agarose hydrogels. Enzyme leaching was identified as a major drawback of agar hydrogels, while hardly any leaching from agarose hydrogels was detected. The poor ability of agar hydrogels to permanently immobilize enzymes indicates their limited suitability for their employment in perfused biocatalytic reactors. Batch-based activity assays showed that the enzymatic activity of agar hydrogels was roughly twice as high as the activity of agarose hydrogels which was mostly attributed to the increased amount of enzyme leaching. Agarose bioinks with at least 4.5% polymer were identified as the most suitable of the investigated inks for the printing of biocatalytic reactors with AaEst2. Drawbacks of these inks are limited mechanical and thermal stability, not allowing the operation of a reactor at the optimum temperature of AaEst2 which is above the melting point of the employed low-melt agarose.