• Sand, Salomon
• Schwerdtle, Tanja
• Ntzani, Evangelia
• Schrenk, Dieter
• Gropp, Jürgen
• Chain, Efsa Panel On Contaminants In The Food
• Vleminckx, Christiane
• Wallace, Heather
• Christodoulidou, Anna
• Petersen, Annette
• Karrer, Gerhard
• Nielsen, Elsa
• Mazo, Jesús Del
• Chipman, James Kevin
• Bodin, Laurent
• Bignami, Margherita
• Nebbia, Carlo Stefano
• Hogstrand, Christer
• Leblanc, Jean-Charles
• Hoogenboom, Laurentius
• Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina

Abstract

<div class="article-section__content en main"><div class="article-section__content en main"><p>The European Commission requested EFSA to provide an assessment of the processing conditions which make <i>Ambrosia</i>seeds non-viable in feed materials and compound feed. This assessmentalso includes information on a reliable procedure to verify thenon-viability of the seeds. <i>Ambrosia</i> seeds are known contaminantsin feed with maximum levels set in the Directive 2002/32/EC. Themanufacturing processes and processing conditions applied to the feedmay affect the viability of the <i>Ambrosia</i> seeds. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel compared these conditions with conditions that have been shown to be sufficient to render <i>Ambrosia</i>seeds non-viable. The Panel concluded with a certainty of 99–100% thatsolvent extraction and toasting of oilseed meals at temperatures of120°C with steam injection for 10 min or more will make <i>Ambrosia</i>seeds non-viable. Since milling/grinding feed materials for compoundfeed of piglets, aquatic species and non-food producing animals wouldnot allow particles of sizes ≥1 mm (the minimum size of viable <i>Ambrosia</i>seeds) passing the grinding process it was considered very likely (with≥ 90% certainty) that these feeds will not contain viable <i>Ambrosia</i> seeds. In poultry, pig, and possibly cattle feed, particle sizes are ≥ 1 mm and therefore <i>Ambrosia</i>seeds could likely (66–90% certainty) survive the grinding process.Starch and gluten either from corn or wheat wet milling would notcontain <i>Ambrosia</i> seeds with 99–100% certainty. Finally, ensiling fresh forages contaminated with <i>A. artemisiifolia</i>seeds for more than 3 months is very likely to render all seedsnon-viable. The Panel concluded that a combination of the germinationtest and a subsequent triphenyl-tetrazolium-chloride (TTC) test willvery likely (with ≥ 90% certainty) verify the non-viability of <i>Ambrosia</i> seeds. The Panel recommends that data on the presence of viable <i>Ambrosia</i> seeds before and after the different feed production processes should be generated.</p></div></div>

Topics

• impedance spectroscopy
• compound
• extraction
• grinding
• milling