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Gumelar, Muhammad Dikdik
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document
Synthesis of NMC111 Cathode from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) using Acetic Acid as a Leaching Agent and Flame Assisted Spray Pyrolysis
Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This study uses the Flame Assisted Spray Pyrolysis (FASP) method to synthesize NMC111 cathode nanoparticles from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) cathode (NMC battery type) leachate with organic acids. Beginning with the pre-treatment procedures for batteries, which include grading, discharging, disassembling, separating, grinding, sieving, and heat treating. Recovery of Li, Ni, Mn, and Co metal ions utilizes extraction by hydrometallurgy method with acetic acid (CH<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>COOH) as a leaching agent with varying acid concentrations (0,25; 0,5; 0,75; 1; 1,25 M), solid-to-liquid ratio (10; 15; 20; 25; 30 g/L) and temperature (40; 50; 60; 70; 80 ºC) to get the optimum conditions. Up to 4% v/v of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is utilized as an effective oxidizing agent. The results showed that concentrations of 1.25M, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 30 gr/L, and a temperature of 70ºC were the optimum leaching conditions for acetic acid, producing percentages of metal recovery of 87.16%, 64.34%, 82.89%, and 99.24% for Li, Ni, Mn, and Co. After molarity adjustment, NMC 111 cathodes are synthesized/regenerated using the FASP method from the cathode of a spent NMC battery using an acetic acid leaching solution. The cathode produced by the FASP approach showed a good level of crystallization, as shown by the XRD data after a 6-hour calcination treatment at 800ºC. The nanoparticles produced using the FASP approach had a spherical shape with particle size distribution in the range of 200–400 nm and characteristic polycrystalline aggregates, according to the morphology and particle size analysis performed by SEM-EDX.</jats:p>