• Mahmoud, Salah H.
• Alebady, Mohanad H.

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effect of various surface coating methods on surface roughness, micromorphological analysis and fluoride release from contemporary resin-modified and conventional glass ionomer restorations.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials &amp; methods</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 72 permanent human molars were used in this study. The teeth were randomly assigned into 2 groups according to type of restorative materials used; resin modified glass ionomer cement and conventional glass ionomer (SDI Limited. Bayswater Victoria, Australia). Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups according to the application of coat material; Sub-group1: without application of coat; Sub-group2: manufacturer recommended coat was applied and sub-group3: customized (vaseline) coat was applied. Each group was then subdivided into two divisions according to the time of testing; immediate (after 24 h) and delayed (after 6 months of storage). Three specimens from each sub-group were selected for surface roughness test (AFM) and another 3 specimens for the micromorphological analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM). For the fluoride release test, a total of 60 cylindrical discs were used (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 60). The discs were randomly split into 2 groups according to type of restorative materials used (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 30); resin modified glass ionomer cement and conventional glass ionomer. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 10) according to the application of the coat material; Sub-group1: without application of coat; Sub-group2: with the manufacturer recommended coat and sub-group3: with application of customized (vaseline) coat. Data for each test was then collected, tabulated, were collected, tabulated, and tested for the normality with Shapiro-Wilk test. Based on the outcome of normality test, the significant effects of variables were assessed using appropriate statistical analysis testing methods.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Regarding the data obtained from surface roughness test, Shapiro-Wilk test showed normal distribution pattern of all values (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Accordingly, Two-way ANOVA outcome showed that the ‘type of restoration’ or ‘test time’ had statistically significant effect on the AFM test (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Regarding Fluoride specific ion electrode test 2-way ANOVA followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) Post-hoc test revealed significant difference among the groups (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). It showed that SDI GIC group after 14 days of measurement had the highest mean of fluoride release (36.38 ± 3.16 PPM) and SDI RMGIC after 30 days of measurement had the second highest mean of fluoride release (43.28 ± 1.89 PPM). Finally, regarding the micromorphological analysis using SEM, a slight difference was observed between the studied groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Based on the results of this study, various coatings enhance surface roughness in the initial 24 h of restoration insertion. Different coat types seems that have no influence on fluoride release and the micromorphological features of the restoration/dentin interface.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Topics

• surface
• scanning electron microscopy
• atomic force microscopy
• glass
• glass
• cement
• resin
• size-exclusion chromatography
• coating method