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Naji, M. |
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Motta, Antonella |
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Aletan, Dirar |
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Mohamed, Tarek |
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Ertürk, Emre |
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Taccardi, Nicola |
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Kononenko, Denys |
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Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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Bih, L. |
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Casati, R. |
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Muller, Hermance |
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Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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Šuljagić, Marija |
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Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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Azam, Siraj |
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Ospanova, Alyiya |
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Blanpain, Bart |
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Ali, M. A. |
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Popa, V. |
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Rančić, M. |
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Ollier, Nadège |
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Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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Landes, Michael |
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Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Milosavljevic, Vedran
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article
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles combined with geraniol and their synergistic antibacterial activity
Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has become a global threat, encouraging the adoption of efficient and effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics and promoting their use as replacements. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs) have been reported to exhibit antibacterial properties. In this study, we synthesized and characterized TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs in anatase and rutile forms with surface modification by geraniol (GER).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The crystallinity and morphology of modified TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs were analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental mapping (EDS). The antimicrobial activity of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs with geraniol was assessed against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic>, methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic> (MRSA), and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of modified NPs ranged from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/ml against all bacterial strains, and the live dead assay and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) supported the antibacterial properties of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs with GER. Moreover, TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs with GER also showed a significant decrease in the biofilm thickness of MRSA.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs with GER offer a promising alternative to antibiotics, particularly for controlling antibiotic-resistant strains. The surface modification of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs by geraniol resulted in enhanced antibacterial properties against multiple bacterial strains, including antibiotic-resistant MRSA. The potential applications of modified TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs in the biomedical and environmental fields warrant further investigation.</jats:p></jats:sec>