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Naji, M. |
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Motta, Antonella |
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Aletan, Dirar |
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Mohamed, Tarek |
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Ertürk, Emre |
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Taccardi, Nicola |
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Kononenko, Denys |
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Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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Bih, L. |
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Casati, R. |
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Muller, Hermance |
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Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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Šuljagić, Marija |
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Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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Azam, Siraj |
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Ospanova, Alyiya |
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Blanpain, Bart |
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Ali, M. A. |
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Popa, V. |
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Rančić, M. |
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Ollier, Nadège |
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Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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Landes, Michael |
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Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Bratchikov, Maksim
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article
Osteochondral Repair and Electromechanical Evaluation of Custom 3D Scaffold Microstructured by Direct Laser Writing Lithography
Abstract
<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p> The objective of this study was to assess a novel 3D microstructured scaffold seeded with allogeneic chondrocytes (cells) in a rabbit osteochondral defect model. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design</jats:title><jats:p> Direct laser writing lithography in pre-polymers was employed to fabricate custom silicon-zirconium containing hybrid organic-inorganic (HOI) polymer SZ2080 scaffolds of a predefined morphology. Hexagon-pored HOI scaffolds were seeded with chondrocytes (cells), and tissue-engineered cartilage biocompatibility, potency, efficacy, and shelf-life in vitro was assessed by morphological, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis. Osteochondral defect was created in the weight-bearing area of medial femoral condyle for in vivo study. Polymerized fibrin was added to every defect of 5 experimental groups. Cartilage repair was analyzed after 6 months using macroscopical (Oswestry Arthroscopy Score [OAS]), histological, and electromechanical quantitative potential (QP) scores. Collagen scaffold (CS) was used as a positive comparator for in vitro and in vivo studies. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p> Type II collagen gene upregulation and protein secretion was maintained up to 8 days in seeded HOI. In vivo analysis revealed improvement in all scaffold treatment groups. For the first time, electromechanical properties of a cellular-based scaffold were analyzed in a preclinical study. Cell addition did not enhance OAS but improved histological and QP scores in HOI groups. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p> HOI material is biocompatible for up to 8 days in vitro and is supportive of cartilage formation at 6 months in vivo. Electromechanical measurement offers a reliable quality assessment of repaired cartilage. </jats:p></jats:sec>