| People | Locations | Statistics |
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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Bund, Andreas
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (23/23 displayed)
- 2024A Novel Method for Preparation of Al–Ni Reactive Coatings by Incorporation of Ni Nanoparticles into an Al Matrix Fabricated by Electrodeposition in AlCl<sub>3</sub>:1‐Eethyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Chloride (1.5:1) Ionic Liquid Containing Ni Nanoparticles
- 2024Integration of Multijunction Absorbers and Catalysts for Efficient Solar‐Driven Artificial Leaf Structures: A Physical and Materials Science Perspectivecitations
- 2023Analysis of Pre-Treatment Processes to Enable Electroplating on Nitrided Steel
- 2023Electrochemical reduction of tantalum and titanium halides in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquids
- 2023Quasi-in-Situ Analysis of Electropolished Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Surfaces
- 2022Hollow platinum-gold and palladium-gold nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization of composition-structure relationshipcitations
- 2022Corrosion Properties of Ni-P-B Dispersion Coating for Industrial Knives and Bladescitations
- 2022Selective Metallization of Polymers: Surface Activation of Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) Assisted by Picosecond Laser Pulsescitations
- 2021Selective metallization of polymers: surface activation of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) assisted by picosecond laser pulsescitations
- 2021The need for digitalisation in electroplating – How digital approaches can help to optimize the electrodeposition of chromium from trivalent electrolytes
- 2021Anti-corrosive siloxane coatings for improved long-term performance of supercapacitors with an aqueous electrolytecitations
- 2021Analysis of the physical and photoelectrochemical properties of c-Si(p)/a-SiC:H(p) photocathodes for solar water splittingcitations
- 2020Aluminium-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) rechargeable battery with ionic liquid electrolytecitations
- 2019Relation between color and surface morphology of electrodeposited chromium for decorative applicationscitations
- 2019Fluidic self-assembly on electroplated multilayer solder bumps with tailored transformation imprinted melting pointscitations
- 2019Electrochemical deposition of silicon from a sulfolane-based electrolyte: effect of applied potentialcitations
- 2019Nanoscale morphological changes at lithium interface, triggered by the electrolyte composition and electrochemical cyclingcitations
- 2018Structure and formation of trivalent chromium conversion coatings containing cobalt on zinc plated steelcitations
- 2017An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study on electrodeposition of aluminum and aluminum-manganese alloyscitations
- 2016Ultrasound assisted electrodeposition of Zn and Zn-TiO2 coatingscitations
- 2012Electrochemical supercapacitors based on a novel graphene/conjugated polymer composite systemcitations
- 2010Do solvation layers of ionic liquids influence electrochemical reactions?citations
- 2009Novel amino-acid-based polymer/multi-walled carbon nanotube bio-nanocompositescitations
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document
Analysis of Pre-Treatment Processes to Enable Electroplating on Nitrided Steel
Abstract
Nitrided steel is being used to increase the lifetime and wettability of selective soldering nozzles. In this environment, the liquid solder wets to the surface of the nozzle to enable control of the solder flow during the soldering process. Pre-treatment is a key step in the processing of parts for electroplating. Pre-treatment usually involves degreasing and acidic pickling steps in order to remove adsorbed oil-based compounds and oxides respectively. These steps ensure a well-structured and adherent electroplated coating to the part.<br/><br/>Surface treatments such as nitriding alter the surface composition of steels and thereby change the conductivity/surface activity. Typically, a nitrided surface contains a dual-phase surface layer followed by a diffusion zone consisting of the formed nitrides and finally a transition zone to the bulk material. Generally, this surface treatment is performed to harden materials without the risk of dimensional changes. For a selective soldering application, it reduces the dissolution of material into the solder during operation while also improving the wetting of the nozzle.<br/><br/>The electroplated coatings for the selective soldering nozzles consist of 10 microns of nickel and 10 microns of tin. This structure allows for near-instant wetting and use of the nozzle. Furthermore, the electroplated layers provide corrosion protection for the nozzle ensuring no oxide or scale layers will form that may require flux for cleaning.<br/><br/>A range of chemical and electrochemical pre-treatment steps were explored to prepare and optimally activate the nitride-hardened steel surfaces for electroplating. The processes included: hot degreasing and electrolytic degreasing with alkaline detergents; electrolytic descaling in a solution containing sodium hydroxide; chemical pre-descaling process with potassium permanganate; varying the compositions of pickling in inorganic acids; different formulations for nickel strike electrolytes for plating onto ferrous alloys.<br/><br/>Mass loss measurements provided an estimation of the thickness of the material removed due to acid pickling. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to assess changes in the surface due to the pre-treatment. Open circuit potential measurements were applied to measure the surface activity before any pre-treatment and also the change in surface conductivity/activity post-treatment. Nanoindentation measurements were used to assess the change in surface hardness as a result of the nitriding treatment and also to check for the presence of the remaining hardened nitrided layer after pre-treatment. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy was utilised to study the elemental depth profile of the nitrided parts. Crystalline structure was studied through x-ray diffraction. After pre-treatment, a Woods nickel strike was applied to prepare the surface for further electroplating with bright tin. SEM analysis of the cross-sections of the coated specimens was used to analyse the coating microstructure. Thickness of the electrodeposited coatings were confirmed with x-ray fluorescence. Thermal shock tests were performed to confirm that the adhesion of the coating was sufficient.<br/><br/>Approximately half of the nitrided layer was removed by pre-treatment in order to activate the surface for electroplating. More severe pre-treatment was required compared to electroplating non-hardened parts to activate the surface. Surface conductivity/surface activity was altered as measured by OCP resulting from the pre-treatment.<br/><br/>This work has analysed the surface modification of nitride-hardened steels during the pre-treatment steps required to initiate electroplating and has shown that it is possible to prepare nitride-treated steels for electroplating. The results can be used to develop more optimal pre-treatment processes for electroplating nitrided steels.