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Sairam, Kannan
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article
Competition between densification and microstructure development during spark plasma sintering of B4C–Eu2O3
Abstract
<p>The densification of nonoxide ceramics has been a known challenge in the field of engineering ceramics. The amount and type of sinter-aid together with sintering conditions significantly influence the densification behavior and microstructure in nonoxide ceramics. In this perspective, the present work reports the use of Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sinter-aid and spark plasma sintering towards the densification of B<sub>4</sub>C. The densification is largely influenced by the solid-state sintering reactions during heating to 1900°C. Based on the careful analysis of the heat-treated powder mixture (B<sub>4</sub>C–Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and sintered compacts, the competitive reaction pathways are proposed to rationalize the formation of EuB<sub>6</sub> as dominant microstructural phase. An array of distinctive morphological features, including intragranular and intergranular EuB<sub>6</sub> phase as well as characteristic defect structures (asymmetric twins, stacking faults and threaded dislocations) are observed within dense B<sub>4</sub>C matrix. An attempt has been made to explain the competition between microstructure development and densification.</p>