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Allen, Jan L.
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article
The Effect of Relative Density on the Mechanical Properties of Hot‐Pressed Cubic <scp><scp>Li</scp></scp><sub>7</sub><scp><scp>La</scp></scp><sub>3</sub><scp><scp>Zr</scp></scp><sub>2</sub><scp><scp>O</scp></scp><sub>12</sub>
Abstract
<jats:p>The effect of relative density on the hardness and fracture toughness of Al‐substituted cubic garnet <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:roman>Li</jats:roman></jats:styled-content><jats:sub>6.19</jats:sub><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:roman>Al</jats:roman></jats:styled-content><jats:sub>0.27</jats:sub><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:roman>La</jats:roman></jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:roman>Zr</jats:roman></jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:roman>O</jats:roman></jats:styled-content><jats:sub>12</jats:sub> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LLZO</jats:styled-content>) was investigated. Polycrystalline <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LLZO</jats:styled-content> was made using solid‐state synthesis and hot‐pressing. The relative density was controlled by varying the densification time at fixed temperature (1050°C) and pressure (62 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MP</jats:styled-content>a). After hot‐pressing, the average grain size varied from approximately 2.7–3.7 μm for the 85% and 98% relative density samples, respectively. Examination of fracture surfaces revealed a transition from inter‐ to intragranular fracture as the relative density increased. The Vickers hardness increased with relative density up to 96%, above which the hardness was constant. At 98% relative density, the Vickers hardness was equal to the hardness measured by nanoindentation 9.1 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GP</jats:styled-content>a, which is estimated as the single‐crystal hardness value. An inverse correlation between relative density and fracture toughness was observed. The fracture toughness increased linearly from 0.97 to 2.37 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MP</jats:styled-content>a√m for the 98% and 85% relative density samples, respectively. It is suggested that crack deflection along grain boundaries can explain the increase in fracture toughness with decreasing relative density. It was also observed that the total ionic conductivity increased from 0.0094 to 0.34 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">mS</jats:styled-content>/cm for the 85%–98% relative density samples, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the microstructure of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LLZO</jats:styled-content> must be optimized to maximize mechanical integrity and ionic conductivity.</jats:p>