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Wang, Hauting
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article
Synthesis and evolution of zirconium carbide via sol-gel route: Features of nanoparticle oxide-carbon reactions
Abstract
A sol-gel route was used to synthesize nanocrystalline zirconium carbide from a carbon-zirconia nanocomposite. Using a surfactant and rapid polymerisation technique, the oxide phase was removed by 1450°C in an argon atmosphere and produced crystallite sizes below 100nm. Bright field imaging and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of early graphitisation and graphene-like structures from the residual carbon.Reitveld analysis indicated crystallite size and changes in lattice parameter indicative of agglomeration transformation, supported by surface area measurements by gas absorption. This indicates that while the “contracting volume” diffusion theory for carbothermal reduction occurs, substantial agglomeration occurs for mass transport until the transformation is complete.