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Koshikawa, M. K.
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article
Concentrations of Ag, In, Sn, Sb and Bi, and their chemical fractionation in typical soils in Japan
Abstract
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>We determined concentrations of Ag, In, Sn, Sb and Bi, and fractionated them by sequential extraction procedures, in five Japanese soils: Andosol‐1 (grassland), Andosol‐2 (forest), Cambisol (forest), Fluvisol (vegetable garden) and Regosol (forest). Average concentrations of Ag, In, Sn, Sb and Bi were 0.17 ± 0.08, 0.081 ± 0.019, 2.2 ± 0.5, 0.83 ± 0.32 and 0.32 ± 0.12 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, respectively. Average distributions of the chemical fractions (omitting those with an abundance < 5%) were: Ag, residual (60%) > H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐extractable, organically bound (H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐Org) (18%) > metal–organic complex‐bound (Me‐Org) (10%) > amorphous metal oxide‐bound (am‐MeOx) (8.3%); In, residual (61%) > H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐Org (12%) > Me‐Org (8.7%) ≥ crystalline Fe oxide‐bound (cr‐FeOx) (8.2%) > am‐MeOx (7.4%); Sn, residual (40%) > Me‐Org (19%) > carbonate‐bound (12%) > cr‐FeOx (9.0%) > H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐Org (7.8%) > am‐MeOx (6.9%); Sb, residual (34%) > Me‐Org (18%) > am‐MeOx (16%) > cr‐FeOx (8.9%) ≥ H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐Org (8.7%) > easily reducible metal oxide‐bound (re‐MeOx) (6.8%) > carbonate‐bound (6.1%); Bi, am‐MeOx (26%) ≥ H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐Org (26%) > Me‐Org (19%) > residual (17%) > cr‐FeOx (12%). Proportions of the mobilizable (exchangeable + carbonate‐bound + Me‐Org + re‐MeOx) metal fractions were in the order Sn ≥ Sb > Bi > Ag ? In, and Cambisol > Andosol‐2 > Regosol > Andosol‐1 > Fluvisol. The proportions were predicted by multiple regression equations including pH, surface area, C contents, cation exchange capacity and clay content of the soils as independent variables (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> > 0.96, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.02).</jats:p>