• Mcneal, Monica
• Amarin, Justin Z.
• Probst, Varvara
• Halasa, Natasha B.
• Harrison, Christopher J.
• Gerber, Susan I.
• Schlaudecker, Elizabeth P.
• Michaels, Marian G.
• Clopper, Benjamin R.
• Selvarangan, Rangaraj
• Avadhanula, Vasanthi
• Curns, Aaron T.
• Rahman, Herdi Kurnia
• Boom, Julie A.
• Weinberg, Geoffrey A.
• Stopczynski, Tess
• Englund, Janet A.
• Moffatt, Mary E.
• Chappell, James
• Schuster, Jennifer E.
• Rha, Brian
• Stewart, Laura S.
• Staat, Mary A.
• Perez, Ariana
• Spieker, Andrew J.
• Sahni, Leila C.
• Klein, Eileen J.
• Williams, John
• Szilagyi, Peter G.

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Adenovirus (AdV) is a common cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI). Multiple respiratory AdV types have been identified in humans, but it remains unclear which are the most common in U.S. children with ARI.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a multicenter, prospective viral surveillance study at seven U.S. children’s hospitals, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, during 12/1/16–11/30/19, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Children &amp;lt; 18 years of age seen in the emergency department or hospitalized with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled, and mid-turbinate nasal +/- throat swabs were tested using multiplex respiratory pathogen assays or real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for AdV, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV), influenza, parainfluenza viruses, and endemic coronaviruses. AdV-positive specimens were subsequently typed using single-plex qPCR assays targeting sequences in the hexon gene specific for types 1-7, 11, 14, 16 and 21. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were compared between AdV types.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Of 29,381 enrolled children, 2,106 (7.2%) tested positive for AdV. The distribution of types among the 1,330 (63.2%) successfully typed specimens were as follows: 31.7% AdV-2, 28.9% AdV-1, 15.3% AdV-3, 7.9% AdV-5, 5.9% AdV-7, 1.4% AdV-4, 1.2% AdV-6, 0.5% AdV-14, 0.2% AdV-21, 0.1% AdV-11, and 7.0% ≥1 AdV type. Most children with AdV-1 or AdV-2 detection were &amp;lt; 5 years of age (Figure 1a). Demographic and clinical characteristics varied by AdV types, including age, race/ethnicity, smoke exposure, daycare/school attendance, and hospitalization (Table 1). Co-detection with other viruses was common among all AdV types, with RV and RSV being the most frequently co-detected (Figure 1b). Fever and cough were the most common symptoms for all AdV types (Figure 2). Children with AdV-7 detected as single pathogen had higher odds of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio 6.34 [95% CI: 3.10, 12.95], p= 0.027).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>AdV-2 and AdV-1 were the most frequently detected AdV types among children over the 3-year study period. Notable clinical heterogeneity of the AdV types warrants further surveillance studies to identify AdV types that could be targeted for pediatric vaccine development.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Disclosures</jats:title><jats:p>Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, F(AAM), BioFire: Grant/Research Support|Luminex: Grant/Research Support John Williams, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|Quidel: Advisor/Consultant Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|National Institute of Health: Grant/Research Support|Uptodate: Royalties Christopher J Harrison, MD, Astellas: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pediatric news: Honoraria|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mary E. Moffatt, M.D., Becton and Dickinson and Company: Stocks/Bonds|Biogen: Stocks/Bonds|Coloplast B: Stocks/Bonds|Express Scripts: Stocks/Bonds|Novo Nordisk A/S Spons ADR: Stocks/Bonds|Novo Nordisk A/S-B: Stocks/Bonds|Steris PLC: Stocks/Bonds|Stryker Corp: Stocks/Bonds|Thermo Fisher Scientific: Stocks/Bonds Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck &amp; Co.: Honoraria|Merck &amp; Co.: Honoraria for composing and reviewing textbook chapters, Merck Manual of Therapeutics Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Natasha B. Halasa, MD, Quidel: Grant/Research Support|Quidel: equipment donation|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: HAI testing and vaccine donation.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Topics

• impedance spectroscopy
• molecular dynamics
• size-exclusion chromatography
• chemical ionisation