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Pahl, Anthony J.
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
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article
An uncontaminated measurement of the escaping Lyman continuum at z 3
Abstract
Observations of reionization-era analogues at z ~ 3 are a powerful tool for constraining reionization. Rest-ultraviolet observations are particularly useful, in which both direct and indirect tracers of ionizing-photon production and escape can be observed. We analyse a sample of 124 z ~ 3 galaxies from the Keck Lyman Continuum Spectroscopic Survey, with sensitive spectroscopic measurements of the Lyman continuum region. We present a method of removing foreground contamination from our sample using high-resolution, multiband Hubble Space Telescope imaging. We re-measure the global properties of the cleaned sample of 13 individually detected Lyman continuum sources and 107 individually undetected sources, including a sample-averaged absolute escape fraction of f<SUB>esc, abs</SUB> = 0.06 ± 0.01 and a sample-averaged ratio of ionizing to non-ionizing ultraviolet flux density of ⟨f<SUB>900</SUB>/f<SUB>1500</SUB>⟩<SUB>out</SUB> = 0.040 ± 0.006, corrected for attenuation from the intergalactic and circumgalactic media. Based on composite spectra, we also recover a strong positive correlation between ⟨f<SUB>900</SUB>/f<SUB>1500</SUB>⟩<SUB>out</SUB> and Lyα equivalent width (W<SUB>λ</SUB>(Ly$ $)) and a negative correlation between ⟨f<SUB>900</SUB>/f<SUB>1500</SUB>⟩<SUB>out</SUB> and UV luminosity. As in previous work, we interpret the relationship between ⟨f<SUB>900</SUB>/f<SUB>1500</SUB>⟩<SUB>out</SUB> and W<SUB>λ</SUB>(Ly$ $) in terms of the modulation of the escape of ionizing radiation from star-forming galaxies based on the covering fraction of neutral gas. We also use a W<SUB>λ</SUB>(Ly$ $)-weighted ⟨f<SUB>900</SUB>/f<SUB>1500</SUB>⟩<SUB>out</SUB> to estimate an ionizing emissivity from star-forming galaxies at z ~ 3 as ϵ<SUB>LyC</SUB> ≃ 5.5 × 10<SUP>24</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP> Hz<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-3</SUP>. This estimate, evaluated using the uncontaminated sample of this work, affirms that the contribution of galaxies to the ionizing background at z ~ 3 is comparable to that of active galactic nuclei....