| People | Locations | Statistics |
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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Payne, Julia Louise
University of St Andrews
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (11/11 displayed)
- 2023Manipulation of structure and optoelectronic properties through bromine inclusion in a layered lead bromide perovskitecitations
- 2022Synthesis, structure and tunability of zero dimensional organic-inorganic metal halides utilising the m-xylylenediammonium cation: MXD2PbI6, MXDBiI5, and MXD3Bi2Br12·2H2Ocitations
- 2021Time-resolved in-situ X-ray diffraction study of CaO and CaO:Ca3Al2O6 composite catalysts for biodiesel productioncitations
- 2021Use of interplay between A-site non-stoichiometry and hydroxide doping to deliver novel proton-conducting perovskite oxidescitations
- 2020Bandgap bowing in a zero-dimensional hybrid halide perovskite derivativecitations
- 2018Transition metal chlorides NiCl2, KNiCl3, Li6VCl8 and Li2MnCl4 as alternative cathode materials in primary Li thermal batteriescitations
- 2017Charge carrier localised in zero-dimensional (CH 3 NH 3 ) 3 Bi 2 1 9 clusterscitations
- 2017Charge carrier localised in zero-dimensional (CH3NH3)3Bi219 clusterscitations
- 2017Charge carrier localised in zero-dimensional (CH3NH3)3Bi219 clusterscitations
- 2017Synthesis and electrochemical study of CoNi2S4 as a novel cathode material in a primary Li thermal batterycitations
- 2016Zirconium trisulfide as a promising cathode material for Li primary thermal batteriescitations
Places of action
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article
Time-resolved in-situ X-ray diffraction study of CaO and CaO:Ca3Al2O6 composite catalysts for biodiesel production
Abstract
Alternative and sustainable waste sources are receiving increasing attention as they can be used to produce biofuels with a low carbon footprint. Waste fish oil is one such example and can be considered an abundant and sustainable waste source to produce biodiesel.Ultimately this could lead to fishing communities having their own "off-grid" source of fuel for boats and vehicles. At the industrial level biodiesel is currently produced by homogeneous catalysis because of the high catalyst activity and selectivity. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysis offers several advantages such as improved reusability, reduced waste and lower processing costs.Here we investigate the phase evolution of two heterogeneous catalysts, CaO and a Ca<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>:CaO ('C3A:CaO') composite, under in-situ conditions for biodiesel production from fish oil.A new reactor was designed to monitor the evolution of the crystalline catalyst during the reaction using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD).The amount of calcium diglyceroxide (CaDG) began to increase rapidly after approximately 30 minutes, for both catalysts. This rapid increase in CaDG could be linked to ex-situ NMR studies which showed that the conversion of fish oil to biodiesel rapidly increased after 30 minutes.The key to the difference in activity of the two catalysts appears to be that the Ca<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>:CaO composite maintains a high rate of calcium diglyceroxide formation for longer than CaO, although the initial formation rates and reaction kinetics are similar. Overall this specialised in-situ set-up has been shown to be suitable to monitor the phase evolution of heterogeneous crystalline catalysts during the triglycerides transesterification reaction, offering the opportunity to correlate the crystalline phases to activity, deactivation and stability.