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Mhlongo, M. R.
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article
Effects of Er<sup>3+</sup> concentration on the structure and optical properties of the MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/MgO/Sr<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>/SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> mixed phases prepared by the citrate sol gel method
Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The mixed phases of the un-doped MgAl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>/MgO/Sr<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>/SrAl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (MMSS), MgAl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>/MgO (MM) Sr<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>/SrAl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (SS), and the doped MMSS:x% Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.8) nanopowders were synthesized using the citrate sol-gel method. The effect of Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> concentration on the structure, morphology and optical properties were investigated. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the cubical MgAl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, MgO and Sr<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>; and monoclinic SrAl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> phases. The scanning electron microscopic images revealed the transformation of irregular particles to rod-like structure with an increase in Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> concentration. Transmission electron microscope indicated the nanosized particles depends on Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> concentration. Severals distinct absorption bands located at 444, 546, 653 and 704 nm under UV excitation (285 nm) corresponding to the defects states of the MgAl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, MgO, SrAl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, and Sr<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> phases were observed. There were traces of emission peaks at 546 and 653 nm attributed to the <jats:sup>4</jats:sup>S<jats:sub>3/2</jats:sub> → <jats:sup>4</jats:sup>I<jats:sub>15/2</jats:sub> and <jats:sup>4</jats:sup>F<jats:sub>9/2</jats:sub> → <jats:sup>4</jats:sup>I<jats:sub>15/2</jats:sub> transitions of Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> ion. An exponential decrease in luminescence was observed with an increase in Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> concentration.</jats:p>