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Rainforth, William M.
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article
The Lubricating Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered (SPS) Ti3SiC2 MAX Phase Compound and Composite
Abstract
<p>MAX phase composites Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub>–TiC<sub>x</sub> and Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub>–(TiC<sub>x</sub> + TiC) were synthesized and consolidated via a powder metallurgy spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The bulk compositions and microstructural evolution of the resulting SPS discs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) paired with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) system. The tribological behavior of the synthesized discs was investigated at room temperature under dry sliding conditions using an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ball by employing a ball-on-disc tribometer configuration. Postmortem analyses of the worn surfaces showed that the Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> MAX phase exhibited intrinsic self-lubricating behavior due to the evolution of easily sheared graphitic carbon at the sliding surface. The addition of stoichiometric TiC delayed the oxidation kinetics of Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub>, which favors the evolution of graphitic carbon in lieu of rutile and oxycarbide films. Thus, this work shows comprehensively the existence of an intrinsic self-lubricating behavior of Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> and the important role of secondary-phase TiC in the Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> matrix in its tribological behavior. The wear mechanisms in both composites are dominated by tribo-oxidation triggered by frictional heating. This is then followed by deformation-induced wear upon friction transition.</p>