| People | Locations | Statistics |
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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Williams, A.
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (15/15 displayed)
- 2023The Southern-sky MWA Rapid Two-metre (SMART) pulsar survey—I. Survey design and processing pipelinecitations
- 2023"It’s positive- now what?”
- 2023The Southern-sky MWA Rapid Two-metre (SMART) pulsar survey—II. Survey status, pulsar census, and first pulsar discoveriescitations
- 2020The potential use of torrefied Nigerian biomass for combustion applications
- 2019Emissions performance of high moisture wood fuels burned in a residential stove
- 2019Fuel flexible power stations: Utilisation of ash co-products as additives for NOx emissions control
- 2017Recommendations for a new generation of standards for testing numerical assessment of blast-loaded glass windowscitations
- 2017Gas phase potassium release from a single particle of biomass during high temperature combustioncitations
- 2016Observations on the release of gas-phase potassium during the combustion of single particles of biomasscitations
- 2016An assessment of the torrefaction of North American pine and life cycle greenhouse gas emissionscitations
- 2014Characterization of selected Nigerian biomass for combustion and pyrolysis applicationscitations
- 2014Developing a Viable Process Window for Novel Alloys Based on the Mg-Zn-Nd-Y System
- 2010An investigation of the grindability of two torrefied energy cropscitations
- 2005Cooling of bulk material by electron-tunneling refrigeratorscitations
- 2000Matrix-Isolation ESR Studies of the Various Isotopomers of the CH3Zn and ZnH Radicals: Comparisons with ab initio theoretical Calculationscitations
Places of action
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article
Cooling of bulk material by electron-tunneling refrigerators
Abstract
Improved refrigeration techniques have lead to scientific discoveries such as superconductivity and Bose-Einstein condensation. Improved refrigeration techniques also enhance our quality of life. Semiconductor processing equipment and magnetic-resonance imaging machines incorporate mechanical coolers operating below 10 K. There is a pressing need for refrigeration techniques to reach even lower temperatures because many next-generation analytical and astronomical instruments will rely on sensors cooled to temperatures near 100 mK. Here we demonstrate a solid-state, on-chip refrigerator capable of reaching 100 mK based on the quantum-mechanical tunneling of electrons through normal metal-insulator-superconductor junctions. The cooling power and temperature reduction of our refrigerator are sufficient for practical applications and we have used it to cool bulk material that has no electrical connection to the refrigerating elements....