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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Anderson, Paul
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Publications (9/9 displayed)
- 2024Direct recycling of EV production scrap NMC532 cathode materialscitations
- 2024Phase-selective recovery and regeneration of end-of-life electric vehicle blended cathodes via selective leaching and direct recyclingcitations
- 2023Phase-selective recovery and regeneration of end-of-life electric vehicle blended cathodes via selective leaching and direct recyclingcitations
- 2015Comparing the Air Abrasion Cutting Efficacy of Dentine Using a Fluoride-Containing Bioactive Glass versus an Alumina Abrasive: An In Vitro Studycitations
- 2012The effect of extra framework species on the intrinsic negative thermal expansion property of zeolites with the LTA topology.citations
- 2003Characterisation of void and reinforcement distributions in a metal matrix composite by X-ray edge-contrast microtomographycitations
- 2002Structures & Magnetic Ordering in the BrownMillerite Phases, Sr₂MnGaO₅ and Ca₂MnALO₅citations
- 2001Electron-beam induced growth of bare silver nanowires from zeolite crystallites
- 2001Synthesis and structure of Sr₂MnGaO₅, a new layered manganese oxidecitations
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article
Direct recycling of EV production scrap NMC532 cathode materials
Abstract
The transition to widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is leading to a steep increase in lithium ion battery production around the world. With this increase it is predicted there will not only be a large increase in end of life batteries needing to be recycled, but also a substantial amount of production scrap, particularly in the early stages of gigafactory set-up. The recycling of such battery electrode materials has a number of challenges which need to be considered, in particular the delamination from the current collector and removal of the binder, e.g. mainly polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for cathode materials. Traditional pyrometallurgy or hydrometallurgy approaches require multiple separation steps to obtain pure metal salts before resynthesising the cathode active material, and so can be high cost, high CO<sub>2</sub> and high waste processes. Production scrap in particular, however, offers the potential for lower cost and lower environmental impact direct recycling processes to be employed, which preserves the manufactured value of the electrode material. To illustrate the potential of such an approach, here we demonstrate a direct recycling approach on EV production scrap cathode materials which utilises a low temperature heat treatment to decompose the binder and allow delamination of the cathode material from the Al current collector. A further higher temperature heat treatment is then employed to ensure complete binder removal and regenerate the cathode, with the results showing that the addition of a small amount of Li is required to improve electrochemical performance (first cycle discharge capacity (2.5–4.2 V) of 129(2) mA h g<sup>−1</sup> and 146(4) mA h g<sup>−1</sup> with 0 wt% and 10 wt% added lithium, respectively). Electrochemical performance can be further improved by increasing the upper voltage window to 4.3 V (first cycle discharge capacity of 146(4) mA h g<sup>−1</sup> and 164(2) mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 2.5–4.2 V and 2.5–4.3 V, respectively).