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Grotti, Marco
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article
Magnetic nanocomposite for lead (II) removal from water
Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A magnetic perovskite-spinel oxide nanocomposite synthesized through a sol–gel self-combustion process is used for the first time as an adsorbent to remove toxic heavy metals (i.e., Pb<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>). The synthesized LaFeO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>:CoFe<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> ((LFO)<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>:(CFO)<jats:sub>x</jats:sub>) (x = 0.11–0.87) nanocomposites possess good stability, abundant oxygenated active binding sites, and unique structural features, making them suitable for removing divalent Pb<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> ions. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, magnetization measurements, zeta-potential analyses, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to analyze the nanocomposites, and their structural changes after Pb<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> ions adsorption. Batch tests confirmed that (LFO)<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>:(CFO)<jats:sub>x</jats:sub> efficiently removes Pb<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> from water with a maximum adsorption capacity of 105.96 mg/g. The detailed quantitative study indicates that the interaction of hydroxyl groups with Pb<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> ions occurs through electrostatic interactions and complex formation. We also demonstrate a new ring-magnetic separator system that allows magnetic separation of the toxic ions at a higher speed compared to traditional block magnets. The unique structure, high porosity, large specific surface area, and oxygenated functional groups of (LFO)<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>:(CFO)<jats:sub>x</jats:sub> nanocomposites make them promising materials for removal of heavy metal ions and possibly other environmental pollutants. This study provides a new approach to preparing nanocomposites of magnetic spinel ferrites with perovskite oxides for environmental applications.</jats:p>