• Jabeen, Qaiser
• Siddique, Sofia
• Imran, Rimsha
• Buzdar, Saeed Ahmad
• Ullah, Hafeez
• Nazir, Aalia
• Qayyum, Asifa
• Batool, Zahida
• Fatima, Mahvish

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In this research work, Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/GO and Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/CuO/GO nanocomposites have been synthesized via an eco-friendly green synthesis technique, solgel route and co-precipitation method respectively for the assessment of antibacterial activity as well as in vivo toxicity. The XRD patterns confirm the formation of Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/GO and Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/CuO/GO nanocomposites showing monoclinic structures. Crystallite size and lattice strain are calculated by Scherrer equation, Scherrer plot and Willimson Hall plot methods. Average crystallite size measured for Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/GO and Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/CuO/GO nanocomposites by Scherrer equation, Scherrer plot and WH-plot methods are (5.1, 13.9, 11.5)nm, (5.4, 14.2, 11.3)nm and (5.2, 13.5, 12.0)nm respectively. Optical properties such as absorption peaks and band-gap energies are studied by UV–vis spectroscopy. The FTIR peaks at 513 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, 553 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 855 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> confirms the successful synthesis of Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/GO and Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/CuO/GO nanocomposites. The antibacterial activity of synthesized Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/GO and Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/CuO/GO nanocomposites is examined against two gram-negative (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> and pseudomonas) as well as gram-positive bacteria (<jats:italic>Bacillus cereus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic>) at dose 25 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg by disk diffusion technique. Zone of inhibition for Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/GO and Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/CuO/GO at dose 40 mg/kg against <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> (gram − ve) are 12 mm, 17 mm and 18 mm respectively and against <jats:italic>Pseudomonas</jats:italic> (gram − ve) are 28 mm, 19 mm and 21 mm respectively. While the zone of inhibition for Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/GO and Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/CuO/GO at dose 40 mg/kg against <jats:italic>B. cereus</jats:italic> (gram + ve) are 8 mm and 8.5 mm respectively and against <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> (gram + ve) are 5 mm and 10.5 mm respectively. These amazing results reveal that Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/GO and Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/CuO/GO nanocomposite as a kind of antibacterial content, have enormous potential for biomedical applications. In addition, the in vivo toxicity of synthesized Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/CuO/GO nanocomposite is investigated on <jats:italic>Swiss Albino</jats:italic> mice at dose of 20 mg/kg by evaluating immune response, hematology and biochemistry at the time period of 2, 7, 14 and 30 days. No severe damage is observed in mice during whole treatment. The <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> value calculated by statistical analysis of hematological and biochemistry tests is nonsignificant which ensures that synthesized nanocomposites are safe and non-toxic as they do not affect mice significantly. This study proves that Bi<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/CuO/GO nanocomposites are biocompatible and can be explored further for different biomedical applications.</jats:p>

Topics

• nanocomposite
• impedance spectroscopy
• x-ray diffraction
• precipitation
• toxicity