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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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Behr, Michael J.
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article
Orientation and morphological evolution of catalyst nanoparticles during carbon nanotube growth
Abstract
<p>We examined the structure, morphology, and orientation of catalyst nanoparticles used for seeding and growing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition in CH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> gas mixtures. Iron catalyst nanocrystals are converted to Fe<sub>3</sub>C in CH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> plasmas and the MWCNTs grow from Fe<sub>3</sub>C nanocrystals. Initially faceted and equiaxed catalyst nanocrystals are distorted and elongated significantly once a tubular CNT structure is formed around the catalyst particles. Eventually, catalysts deform into elongated tear-drop shapes. Once this morphology forms, CNT structures produced are straight and have uniform diameters. Surprisingly, the Fe<sub>3</sub>C nanocrystals located inside the base of well-graphitized nanotubes do not exhibit a preferred orientation relative to the nanotube axis. Catalyst nanocrystals in a variety of orientations relative to the nanotube axis still produce well-graphitized nanotubes with similar diameters and structures.</p>