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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Döbeli, Max
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (31/31 displayed)
- 2024Electrosynthesis-Induced Pt Skin Effect in Mesoporous Ni-Rich Ni-Pt Thin Films for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
- 2023Momentum-resolved electronic structure of LaTiO2N photocatalysts by resonant Soft-X-ray ARPEScitations
- 2022Mechanical properties of atomic-layer-deposited Al 2 O 3 /Y 2 O 3 nanolaminate films on aluminum toward protective coatingscitations
- 2022Unravelling the Origin of Ultra‐Low Conductivity in SrTiO$_3$ Thin Films: Sr Vacancies and Ti on A‐Sites Cause Fermi Level Pinningcitations
- 2021Ferromagnetic insulating epitaxially strained La$_2$NiMnO$_6$ thin films grown by sputter depositioncitations
- 2020A combinatorial guide to phase formation and surface passivation of tungsten titanium oxide prepared by thermal oxidationcitations
- 2020Monolithic thin-film chalcogenide–silicon tandem solar cells enabled by a diffusion barriercitations
- 2020Electroless deposition of Ni–Fe alloys on scaffolds for 3D nanomagnetismcitations
- 2020Persistent Double-Layer Formation in Kesterite Solar Cells: A Critical Reviewcitations
- 2020Persistent Double-Layer Formation in Kesterite Solar Cells: A Critical Reviewcitations
- 2020Thickness-dependent microstructural properties of heteroepitaxial (00.1) CuFeO2 thin films on (00.1) sapphire by pulsed laser depositioncitations
- 2020Lithium garnet Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries: closing the gap between bulk and thin film Li-ion conductivitiescitations
- 2020The curious mechanism of irradiation-induced cryogenic grain growth in tungsten thin films: a pathway to single crystalscitations
- 2019Anodizing of Self-Passivating WxTi1–x Precursors for WxTi1–xOn Oxide Alloys with Tailored Stabilitycitations
- 2019Anodizing of self-passivating W x Ti 1– x precursors for W x Ti 1– x O n oxide alloys with tailored stabilitycitations
- 2018Amorphous gallium oxide grown by low-temperature PECVDcitations
- 2018Substrate purity effect on the defect formation and properties of amorphous anodic barrier Al 2 O 3citations
- 2018Epitaxial thin films as a model system for Li-Ion conductivity in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12citations
- 2018Mechanical Properties of Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor Stainless Steel Cladding After Irradiationcitations
- 2018Investigation of the foil structure and corrosion mechanisms of modern Zwischgold using advanced analysis techniquescitations
- 2017Stoichiometric control of the density of states in PbS colloidal quantum dot solidscitations
- 2017Reaction and growth mechanisms in Al 2 O 3 deposited via atomic layer deposition: elucidating the hydrogen sourcecitations
- 2017Versatile two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
- 2016TiN-buffered substrates for photoelectrochemical measurements of oxynitride thin filmscitations
- 2016The importance of pressure and mass ratios when depositing multi-element oxide thin films by pulsed laser depositioncitations
- 2015Hydrogenated indium oxide window layers for high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cellscitations
- 2014Laser deposition and direct-writing of thermoelectric misfit cobaltite thin filmscitations
- 2013SIMS of thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on isotopically labeled substratescitations
- 2012Lanthanum nickelate thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis: Crystallization, microstructure and electrochemical propertiescitations
- 2011Crystallization and grain growth characteristics of yttria-stabilized zirconia thin films grown by pulsed laser depositioncitations
- 2009Optical properties of nitrogen-substituted strontium titanate thin films prepared by pulsed laser depositioncitations
Places of action
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article
Persistent Double-Layer Formation in Kesterite Solar Cells: A Critical Review
Abstract
In kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cell research, an asymmetric crystallization profile is often obtained after annealing, resulting in a bilayered - or double-layered - CZTSSe absorber. So far, only segregated pieces of research exist to characterize the appearance of this double layer, its formation dynamics, and its effect on the performances of devices. In this work, we review the existing research on double-layered kesterites and evaluate the different mechanisms proposed. Using a cosputtering-based approach, we show that the two layers can differ significantly in morphology, composition, and optoelectronic properties and complement the results with a large statistical data set of over 850 individual CZTS solar cells. By reducing the absorber thickness from above 1000 to 300 nm, we show that the double-layer segregation is alleviated. In turn, we see a progressive improvement in the device performance for lower thickness, which alone would be inconsistent with the well-known case of ultrathin CIGS solar cells. We therefore attribute the improvements to the reduced double-layer occurrence and find that the double layer limits the efficiency of our devices to below 7%. By comparing the results with CZTS grown on monocrystalline Si substrates, without a native Na supply, we show that the alkali metal supply does not determine the double-layer formation but merely reduces the threshold for its occurrence. Instead, we propose that the main formation mechanism is the early migration of Cu to the surface during annealing and formation of Cu2-xS phases in a self-regulating process akin to the Kirkendall effect. Finally, we comment on the generality of the mechanism proposed by comparing our results to other synthesis routes, including our own in-house results from solution processing and pulsed laser deposition of sulfide- and oxide-based targets. We find that although the double-layer occurrence largely depends on the kesterite synthesis route, the common factors determining the double-layer occurrence appear to be the presence of metallic Cu and/or a chalcogen deficiency in the precursor matrix. We suggest that understanding the limitations imposed by the double-layer dynamics could prove useful to pave the way for breaking the 13% efficiency barrier for this technology.