| People | Locations | Statistics |
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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Engberg, Sara Lena Josefin
Technical University of Denmark
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (29/29 displayed)
- 2023Advances in the one-step synthesis of 2D and 3D sulfide materials grown by pulsed laser deposition assisted by a sulfur thermal crackercitations
- 2022Silver-substituted (Ag1-xCux)2ZnSnS4 solar cells from aprotic molecular inkscitations
- 2022Tuning the band gap of CdS in CZTS/CdS solar cells
- 2022The effect of soft-annealing on sputtered Cu2ZnSnS4 thin-film solar cellscitations
- 2022A facile strategy for the growth of high-quality tungsten disulfide crystals mediated by oxygen-deficient oxide precursorscitations
- 2022Solution-processed CZTS and its n-layers
- 2020Energy band alignment at the heterointerface between CdS and Ag-alloyed CZTScitations
- 2020Energy band alignment at the heterointerface between CdS and Ag-alloyed CZTScitations
- 2020Monolithic thin-film chalcogenide–silicon tandem solar cells enabled by a diffusion barriercitations
- 2020Persistent Double-Layer Formation in Kesterite Solar Cells: A Critical Reviewcitations
- 2020Persistent Double-Layer Formation in Kesterite Solar Cells: A Critical Reviewcitations
- 2019Thin films of CZTS and CZTO for solar cells produced by pulsed laser deposition
- 2019Thin films of CZTS and CZTO for solar cells produced by pulsed laser deposition
- 2018Liquid phase assisted grain growth in Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticle thin films by alkali element incorporationcitations
- 2017Investigation of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 nanoparticles for thin-film solar cell applicationscitations
- 2017The effect of dopants on grain growth and PL in CZTS nanoparticle thin films for solar cell applications
- 2017Na-assisted grain growth in CZTS nanoparticle thin films for solar cell applications
- 2017Spray-coated ligand-free Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticle thin films
- 2017Investigation of Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles for thin-film solar cell applicationscitations
- 2017Spray-coated Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for large-scale photovoltaic applications
- 2016High frequency pulse anodising of magnetron sputtered Al–Zr and Al–Ti Coatingscitations
- 2016Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanoparticle Absorber Layers for Thin-Film Solar Cells
- 2016Synthesis of ligand-free CZTS nanoparticles via a facile hot injection routecitations
- 2015Optimized Packing Density of Large CZTS Nanoparticles Synthesized by Hot-injection for Thin Film Solar Cells.
- 2015Large CZTS Nanoparticles Synthesized by Hot-Injection for Thin Film Solar Cells.
- 2015Synthesis of large CZTSe nanoparticles through a two-step hot-injection methodcitations
- 2014Appearance of anodised aluminium: Effect of alloy composition and prior surface finishcitations
- 2014Annealing in sulfur of CZTS nanoparticles deposited through doctor blading
- 2014Study of Grain Growth of CZTS Nanoparticles Annealed in Sulfur Atmosphere
Places of action
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article
Persistent Double-Layer Formation in Kesterite Solar Cells: A Critical Review
Abstract
In kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cell research, an asymmetric crystallization profile is often obtained after annealing, resulting in a bilayered - or double-layered - CZTSSe absorber. So far, only segregated pieces of research exist to characterize the appearance of this double layer, its formation dynamics, and its effect on the performances of devices. In this work, we review the existing research on double-layered kesterites and evaluate the different mechanisms proposed. Using a cosputtering-based approach, we show that the two layers can differ significantly in morphology, composition, and optoelectronic properties and complement the results with a large statistical data set of over 850 individual CZTS solar cells. By reducing the absorber thickness from above 1000 to 300 nm, we show that the double-layer segregation is alleviated. In turn, we see a progressive improvement in the device performance for lower thickness, which alone would be inconsistent with the well-known case of ultrathin CIGS solar cells. We therefore attribute the improvements to the reduced double-layer occurrence and find that the double layer limits the efficiency of our devices to below 7%. By comparing the results with CZTS grown on monocrystalline Si substrates, without a native Na supply, we show that the alkali metal supply does not determine the double-layer formation but merely reduces the threshold for its occurrence. Instead, we propose that the main formation mechanism is the early migration of Cu to the surface during annealing and formation of Cu2-xS phases in a self-regulating process akin to the Kirkendall effect. Finally, we comment on the generality of the mechanism proposed by comparing our results to other synthesis routes, including our own in-house results from solution processing and pulsed laser deposition of sulfide- and oxide-based targets. We find that although the double-layer occurrence largely depends on the kesterite synthesis route, the common factors determining the double-layer occurrence appear to be the presence of metallic Cu and/or a chalcogen deficiency in the precursor matrix. We suggest that understanding the limitations imposed by the double-layer dynamics could prove useful to pave the way for breaking the 13% efficiency barrier for this technology.