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Adamsen, Kræn
Aarhus University
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article
WO3 Monomers Supported on Anatase TiO2(101), −(001), and Rutile TiO2(110)
Abstract
<p>We combined scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the molecular and electronic structure of submonolayer tungsten oxide supported on anatase TiO<sub>2</sub>(101), −(001), and rutile TiO<sub>2</sub>(110) surfaces. We found that monomeric tungsten oxide species form on all three TiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces upon mild annealing at 400 K, with a geometry depending on the supporting facet. At ∼600 K, surface diffusion of the monomers sets in, but the monomers remain on the surface without diffusing into the bulk even at higher annealing temperatures. As-deposited tungsten oxide at monolayer coverage is stronger oxidized than thick layers. At elevated temperatures (400-900 K), significant reduction is observed, strongly dependent on the TiO<sub>2</sub> facet employed and bulk defects within the substrate. Among the TiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces studied, the weakest reduction by vacuum annealing was found for tungsten oxide supported on anatase TiO<sub>2</sub>(001).</p>