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| Naji, M. |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Vidal, Frederic
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (10/10 displayed)
- 2022Tailoring electromechanical properties of natural rubber vitrimers by cross-linkerscitations
- 2020Soft microelectromechanical systems and artificial muscles based on electronically conducting polymers
- 2019Dual sensing and actuation of ultrathin conducting polymer transducers
- 2019Integration of pedot:pss-based transducers in soft microchips
- 2018Non-linear dynamic modeling of ultrathin conducting polymer actuators including inertial effectscitations
- 2018Non-linear dynamic modeling of ultrathin conducting polymer actuators
- 2018Ultrathin electrochemically driven conducting polymer actuators: fabrication and electrochemomechanical characterizationcitations
- 2016Synergetic PEDOT degradation during a reactive ion etching processcitations
- 2016Probing the Effect of Anion Structure on the Physical Properties of Cationic 1,2,3-Triazolium-Based Poly(ionic liquid)scitations
- 2013Electromechanically active polymer transducers: research in Europecitations
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article
Tailoring electromechanical properties of natural rubber vitrimers by cross-linkers
Abstract
The growing demand for smart polymeric transducers such as dielectric elastomer actuators and energy harvesters has urged the use of sustainable and recyclable elastomeric materials. Vitrimer chemistry has shed light on future reprocessable and recyclable thermosets and elastomers. In this work, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) vitrimers were prepared using diacid or triacid cross-linkers and formed covalently cross-linking networks via thermally triggered reversible β-hydroxy ester bonds. The cross-linked ENR elastomers exhibited Arrhenius-type viscoelastic behavior with a complete stress relaxation between 140 and 160 °C, that is, vitrimer characteristics, which were highly dependent on the cross-linking temperature. The mechanical and dielectric properties of the ENR vitrimers can be tuned by varying the molecular structure and concentration of the cross-linkers. Among the diacid and triacid cross-linkers, Pripol 1017 fatty polyacid (P1017) and 3,3′-dithiopropionic acid (DTPA) had similar effects on the cross-linking density and mechanical properties of the ENR vitrimers. The highest tensile strength of 8.70 ± 1.9 or 15.6 ± 2.6 MPa was obtained at 6 mol % of P1017 or DTPA, respectively. While for diamide-based diacid cross-linker (DME), 8 mol % was needed to reach the highest tensile strength of 13.1 ± 2.7 MPa for the elastomer. The three ENR vitrimers showed increased relative permittivity ε′ = 5∼7 at 1 kHz while maintaining low dielectric losses compared to traditional dicumyl peroxide-cured ENR, with ε′ = 3.57 at 1 kHz. With the optimized acidic cross-linker concentrations of P1017 at 6 mol %, DTPA at 6 mol %, and DME at 8 mol %, the ENR vitrimers exhibited improved actuation capabilities at lower electrical fields. Utilizing dynamic cross-linkers to tune the electromechanical properties of dielectric elastomers and the reversibly cross-linked polymer networks will open new opportunities for smart and sustainable dielectric elastomer devices.