| People | Locations | Statistics |
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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Pessanha, Sofia
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (13/13 displayed)
- 2023Maternal methylmercury exposure during early-life periods adversely affects mature enamel structure of offspring rats at human exposure levelscitations
- 2022Characterization of binders and pigments using an integrated analytical approach: Application to wooden reliefs created by Vasko Lipovac in the 1970scitations
- 2021Investigation of inks, pigments and paper in four Moroccan illuminated manuscripts dated to the eighteenth centurycitations
- 2020Evaluation of the effect of fluorinated tooth bleaching products using polarized Raman microscopy and particle induced gamma-ray emissioncitations
- 2019Josefa d' Óbidos workshop from panel to canvas. Multianalytical approach to materials and technical evolution of the most significant Portuguese painting workshop of the 17 th centurycitations
- 2016Distribution of toxic elements in teeth treated with amalgam using mu-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescencecitations
- 2016Jose de Escovar at the Chapel of the Souls: Technical and material study of a 1603 panel painting
- 2016Artificial aging paper to assess long-term effects of conservative treatment. Monitoring by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)citations
- 2015Microscopy and X-Ray Spectroscopy Analyses for assessment gilding and silvering techniques of Portuguese illuminated manuscriptscitations
- 2015Nondestructive analysis of Portuguese “dinheiros” using XRF: overcoming patina constraintscitations
- 2009Comparison of matrix effects on portable and stationary XRF spectrometers for cultural heritage samplescitations
- 2009Efficacy of Waterborne Polyurethane to Prevent the Enzymatic Attack on Paper-Based Materialscitations
- 2008Analysis of a coloured Dutch map from the eighteenth centurycitations
Places of action
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article
Microscopy and X-Ray Spectroscopy Analyses for assessment gilding and silvering techniques of Portuguese illuminated manuscripts
Abstract
The objects of this study are various local charters (cartas de foral, in Portuguese) granted by Dom Manuel I, King of Portugal (1495–1521), which substituted for medieval ones and were intended to achieve an administrative unification. These are luxuriously illuminated manuscripts, and our study aims at obtaining a better understanding of the gilding and silvering techniques applied to the parchments, in which the forais were written, between 1500 and 1520. The combined use of microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy analyses allowed us to identify the vestigial materials used for making the parchments, including products such as salt (NaCl), lime (CaO), pumice stone (SiO2+Al2O3), and chalk (CaCO3). Chalk was employed as a whitening agent to give the parchment its final color and opacity. Shell-gold and shell-silver mixed in with animal glue or gum binding media were directly applied on type 1 and 3 forais, while very thin gold leaves (<1 μm) were applied over lead-based tempera grounds (50–180 μm thick) in type 2 forais. Silver was always employed in its finest form without a further protective layer (thus its recursive state of corrosion), while gold was used in various alloy grades.