| People | Locations | Statistics |
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| Naji, M. |
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| Motta, Antonella |
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| Aletan, Dirar |
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| Mohamed, Tarek |
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| Ertürk, Emre |
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| Taccardi, Nicola |
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| Kononenko, Denys |
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| Petrov, R. H. | Madrid |
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| Alshaaer, Mazen | Brussels |
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| Bih, L. |
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| Casati, R. |
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| Muller, Hermance |
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| Kočí, Jan | Prague |
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| Šuljagić, Marija |
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| Kalteremidou, Kalliopi-Artemi | Brussels |
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| Azam, Siraj |
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| Ospanova, Alyiya |
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| Blanpain, Bart |
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| Ali, M. A. |
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| Popa, V. |
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| Rančić, M. |
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| Ollier, Nadège |
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| Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro |
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| Landes, Michael |
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| Rignanese, Gian-Marco |
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Gevorgyan, Suren A.
in Cooperation with on an Cooperation-Score of 37%
Topics
Publications (13/13 displayed)
- 2016Comparison of ultramicrotomy and focused-ion-beam for the preparation of TEM and STEM cross section of organic solar cellscitations
- 2014Interlaboratory indoor ageing of roll-to-roll and spin coated organic photovoltaic devices: Testing the ISOS testscitations
- 2014TOF-SIMS investigation of degradation pathways occurring in a variety of organic photovoltaic devices – the ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaborationcitations
- 2013Comparison of Two Types of Vertically Aligned ZnO NRs for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cellscitations
- 2012TOF-SIMS investigation of degradation pathways occurring in a variety of organic photovoltaic devices - the ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaborationcitations
- 2012Stability of Polymer Solar Cellscitations
- 2012Aesthetically Pleasing Conjugated Polymer: Fullerene Blends for Blue-Green Solar Cells Via Roll-to-Roll Processingcitations
- 2012TOF-SIMS investigation of degradation pathways occurring in a variety of organic photovoltaic devices – the ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaborationcitations
- 2012TOF-SIMS investigation of degradation pathways occurring in a variety of organic photovoltaic devicescitations
- 2011Water and oxygen induced degradation of small molecule organic solar cellscitations
- 2010Degradation Patterns in Water and Oxygen of an Inverted Polymer Solar Cellcitations
- 2009A roll-to-roll process to flexible polymer solar cells: model studies, manufacture and operational stability studiescitations
- 2009Water-Induced Degradation of Polymer Solar Cells Studied by (H2O)-O-18 Labelingcitations
Places of action
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article
Water and oxygen induced degradation of small molecule organic solar cells
Abstract
Small molecule organic solar cells were studied with respect to water and oxygen induced degradation by mapping the spatial distribution of reaction products in order to elucidate the degradation patterns and failure mechanisms. The active layers consist of a 30 nm bulk heterojunction formed by the donor material zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and the acceptor material Buckminsterfullerene (C60) followed by 30 nm C60 for additional absorption. The active layers are sandwiched between 6 nm 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) and 30 nm N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine p-doped with C60F36 (MeO-TPD:C60F36), which acted as hole transporting layer. Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and aluminum served as hole and electron collecting electrode, respectively. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in conjunction with isotopic labeling using H218O and 18O2 provided information on where and to what extent the atmosphere had reacted with the device. A comparison was made between the use of a humid (oxygen free) atmosphere, a dry oxygen atmosphere, and a dry (oxygen free) nitrogen atmosphere during testing of devices that were kept in the dark and devices that were subjected to illumination under simulated sunlight. It was found that water significantly causes the device to degrade. The two most significant degradation mechanisms are diffusion of water through the aluminum electrode resulting in massive formation of aluminum oxide at the BPhen/Al interface, and diffusion of water into the ZnPc:C60 layer where ZnPc becomes oxidized. Finally, diffusion from the electrodes was found to have no or a negligible effect on the device lifetime.